Friday, December 27, 2019

Using Life Theoretical Perspectives to Explain Helping...

USING LIFE THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES TO EXPLAIN HELPING BEHAVIOUR. A theory, according to Lahey (2003), is a tentative explanation of facts and relationships in Science. Mylers (1995) also defines a theory as an integrated set of principles that organize and predicts observable behaviours or events. Also a theory is a comprehensive explanation of natural phenomena which leads to accurate prediction. In Psychology, there are various theoretical perspectives. They are the learning (behavioral) theory, Psychoanalytical theory, Humanistic theory, Cognitive theory, Biological theory, Evolutionary theory and Socio- cultural theory. Helping behaviour is a desirable behaviour in the society. We can use the various perspectives to explain†¦show more content†¦In the contest of this perspective, individuals differ because they are born with different genes, develop slightly different brain and hormonal patterns. In summary, the perspective seeks to explain behaviour through the activities of the brain and nervous system, physiology, genetics, the end ocrine system, biochemistry and evolution. For instance, Jemima is takes her baby out and put her on a mat under a tree while sitting by her because the room is too hot. Five minutes later she falls asleep. She later hears the dog barking loudly. She opens her eyes and to her dismay, she finds a snake using her baby as a pathway on its travels. She quickly takes her baby and helps him back into the room. Here Jemima used her ear and brain to help the baby survive. With evolutional theory, it focuses on how human beings have adapted the behaviour required for survival in the face of environmental pressures. It is that trait that helps survival become universal in species. Basically, it talks about inherited traits that help adapt to one’s environment. Emphasis is also on the influence of genes on behaviour. For instance, Jenny’s mum has taught her that in their community if you don’t help somebody nobody would help you when you are in need so she grown to know th at youShow MoreRelatedCrime Type Of Anti Social Behavior And Hate Crime2050 Words   |  9 Pagescan be involved in. Theoretical explanations are an important way of helping criminologists and other individuals figure out what makes people commit crimes and become offenders in the first place. In this essay, two types of crime will be explained; these are anti-social behaviour and hate crime. The theoretical explanations that will help to explain these two crime types are Routine Activities Theory and Social Learning Theory. The theories will be compared and contrasted using the two crime typesRead MoreThe And Tenets Of Life Course Criminology1587 Words   |  7 Pagessurplus of young people who commit antisocial behaviour, academics have attempted to not only solve delinquency, but identify the factors that contribute to it. The life-course perspective was adopted as one way to understand and explain this complex issue. Life-course criminology (often referred to as DLC) emerged f rom this perspective as a way to help explain age in relation to crime. The purpose of this proposal is to highlight the key areas of life-course criminology and outline how they revealRead MoreThere Is A Fair Amount Of Research Surrounding Parents1522 Words   |  7 Pageshelped by a solid role model that the child can rely on to help steer them away from the detrimental behaviours. These role models can be a parent that is not incarcerated, a different caregiver like a grandparent, or a member of the community. A member of the community could be a member of their congregation, a sports coach, or even a teacher. These role models play an important part in helping build up a child s resistance (Luther, 2015). Children who grew up with one or both parents incarceratedRead MoreHnc Social Care Essay4439 Words   |  18 Pagesthe learner to ensure that the assessment is handed in by the deadline. The assessment schedule will be posted on the moodle site. All work should be word processed and include appropriate references both in main essay through acknowledgement using the author surname and date of publication and detailed as a full reference in an end list attached to the back of your work. Please visit the power point on the moodle for further information as to the correct technique to use. In addition lecturersRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Rebt and Cct3990 Words   |  16 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to present a brief comparison of the approach to psychotherapy using Client–centred therapy and Rational-emotive behaviour therapy. The Client–centred therapy and Rational-emotive behaviour therapy are both offspring’s of great personalities in the field of psychological therapy, Carl Ransom Rogers and Albert Ellis respectively. They were the creators of these fundamental therapeutic approaches, which proved to be of great importance in the development and evolution ofRead MoreHow Do Differen t Theoretical Perspectives and Methodologies Create Different Forms of Knowledge About Close Relationships? Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and Social Psychoanalytic Perspectives.2558 Words   |  11 PagesOption A: How do different theoretical perspectives and methodologies create different forms of knowledge about close relationships? Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and social psychoanalytic perspectives. Social Psychology is divided into four different theoretical perspectives. Every perspective is strengthened by a set of ontological and epistemological assumptions, that profile the kinds of research questions that can be generated and the sorts of methodologies used to addressRead MoreFocus Groups Are More Than Just Interviews1512 Words   |  7 Pagesin question. According to Richie and Lewis (2003, p. 171) focus groups offer, interaction between participants in a group , helping to generate personal views and experiences whilst also being in a position to listen ,re-evaluate and reflect on personal thoughts and other participant perspectives. . A key factor in using a focus group is the flexibility it offers to the researcher, who can establish a group within a certain target range ‘homogeneous’Read MoreQualitative Research Methods6311 Words   |  26 PagesMODERN ORGANIZATION THEORY TERM PROJECT QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FROM AN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE à hsan Ulaà ¾ Kocaoà °lu JANUARY 2006 CONTENTS Definition of Qualitative Research in Social Sciences Approaches to Management Research Positivism versus Phenomenology Deductive and Inductive Schools of Thought in Management Research Major Qualitaitve Research Approaches Ethnographic Approach Phenomenology Field Research Grounded Theory Case study Action Research Read MoreNursing Theory of Imogene King5964 Words   |  24 Pagesproject a | |purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among| |concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing.. | |Based on the knowledge structure levels the theoretical works in nursing can be studied| |under the following headings: | |Metaparadigm (Person, Environment, Health Nursing) – (Most abstract) | |Nursing philosophies. Read MoreThe Relationship Between Interpersonal Relationships And Health Outcomes1848 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Interpersonal relationships are common between and among people in all parts of the world. Different theoretical models have been suggested to explain different aspects with regard to human social relationships. On the best-explained theory is the attribution theory, which argues that persons presume certain ideas that are associated with the occurrence of events and human deeds. The proposed study will aim at understanding the relationship between interpersonal relationships and health

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Persuassive Speech on Spanking Children Essay - 1320 Words

Amber Brandys 31 July 2012 Sylvester S121 Persuasive Speech Disciplining Children: Spanking? Introduction: You hear more and more every day about a mother or a father accidentally killing their child for a small misbehavior. This is becoming more and more of a problem. Parenting children is a very difficult task, one of the most challenging things anyone will ever encounter. The reason I want to talk to you today about the proper ways of disciplining children is because a lot of people do not realize the harm in spanking young children or even yelling at them. I will first discuss what we, as parents, can do to deal with a misbehaved child, and then why resulting in spanking a child is more harmful mentally to a†¦show more content†¦Different variations of spanking of course can lead to more serious problems as adults. Something not as serious as Schizophrenia would be like depression, anxiety disorders, and paranoia. Castelloe also states in her article that â€Å"some studies suggest a connection between the physical punishment of children and the behavior involved in some criminal assaults.† I have a clip of what has just been reported this month on the 18th in the state of Massachusetts. As parents we want our children to grow up respectful, successful, carefree, we want to set them down the right path so they do not have it as hard as we have. C. Spanking is a hypocrisy. You may tell your child something like â€Å"Do not hit your sister† then turn around and spank their bottoms because they hit. How does that make any sense? You hit teaches your children it is â€Å"ok† to hit. You probably also heard your mother or father say to you, your just like your mother or your just like your father. Well why do you think that is? As children we pick up what they do, if they spank or â€Å"hit† us why wouldnt we think that it would be â€Å"ok† to hit? Spanking is a Hypocrisy something I know as parents you do not want to teach your children. Transition: As a mother myself I have spanked my children but after reading what I have read on the harmful

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Central Limit Theorem free essay sample

CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM There are many situations in business where populations are distributed normally; however, this is not always the case. Some examples of distributions that aren’t normal are incomes in a region that are skewed to one side and if you need to are looking at people’s ages but need to break them down to for men and women. We need a way to look at the frequency distributions of these examples. We can find them by using the Central Limit Theorem. The Central Limit Theorem states that random samples taken from a population will have a normal distribution as long as the sample size is sufficiently large. The sample mean will be approximately equal to the population mean. The sample’s standard deviation will be equal to the population’s standard deviation. The Central Limit Theorem is so important because with it we will know the shape of the sampling distribution even though we may not know what the population distribution looks like. We will write a custom essay sample on Central Limit Theorem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The real key to this entire theorem is the term sufficiently large. If the sample size isn’t sufficiently large, the frequency distribution for the sample size will not look the same as it does for the population. For populations that are really symmetric, sample sizes of two or three will do. This is due to the fact that symmetric populations tend to have normal distributions already. However, if there is any skewedness at all, you will need a larger sample size to have normal distribution. In these cases, a conservative figure for a sufficiently large sample size is more than thirty. Here are the steps to finding the probabilities associated with a sampling distribution of x bar. First you need to find the sample mean by dividing the sum of the samples by the number of samples. Next you will need to define the sampling distribution. If you have a sample size that is sufficiently large, this will be approximately normal. The third step is to define the probability statement of interest. The last step is to use the standard normal distribution to find that probability of interest. You do that by finding the z-value and converting it into a probability.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Islam and Science in Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention

Review of the Main Themes Both studies under consideration are dedicated to identifying the relations between religion and science from various perspectives. At this point, the first article called Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance provides an alternative view on the role of religious â€Å"fatalism† in advancing or hampering social, scientific, and technological progress.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islam and Science in Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author redefines the existing notions and tries to highlight the actual reasons for the Muslim people’s reluctance to undergo medical treatment. The second article called Islam, Procreation and the Law discusses the moral and religious codes with regard to the notions of reproduction and sexuality treated from a historical perspective. It a lso presents how religious views on reproduction and abortion influence legal issues in the Islamic countries. Despite different angles reviewed in the articles, they both provide a religious and historical insight in the current problems of medical treatment and health among the Muslim. In addition, they also reveal how religious and moral codes relate to social and legal issues. The Main Ideas of the Articles While representing the main ideas in the articles, both authors rely on historical resources and introduce an ethnographical approach to studying the problems. At this point, the author sheds light on different religious ideologies to infer an alternative definition of the religious â€Å"fatalism† with reference to such concepts as religious steadfastness and divine will. In this respect, Hamdy argues, â€Å"it is critical to unpack the various implications of the charge of fatalism as well as the social realities that it masks for a better understanding of the pract ices of both Islam and biomedicine†1. Looking from this perspective, religion is not a potential constrain to medical interventions and social progress, but people’s reliance on the so-called â€Å"comfort mechanism†. Because of poverty and poor social conditions, the Muslims strive to appease and, as a result, they oppose treatment. Similar to Hamdy, Sachedina also refers to historical and religious background to provide explanation for current issues related to human health2. Specific attention, however, is paid to the way religion influences the current state of social and legal perception of reproduction, abortion, and sexuality. While referring to history and exploring the main provisions of Quran, the author builds a solid foundation for further discussion.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major differences between ideas representation lies in the extent to which the authors rely on primary sources, such as Quran and other first-hand documents. At this point, Hamdy focuses more on scientific works and theoretical frameworks represented by other scholars in the field of research. By referring to scientific works, the author argues, â€Å"faith in divine will has often been interpreted as passivity, inaction, or false consciousness – a functionalist mechanism to alleviate poverty and suffering†3. In contrast, Sachedina relies heavily on primary documents to make a statement about the concept of reproduction and sexuality: â€Å"Within the confines of marriage, sexuality is treated as one of the good things in life that a Muslim should enjoy. Marriage is commendable and is recommended for whoever can afford it†4. Consequently, reference to diverge resources identifies author’s attitude toward the role of science and religion in social life. Confrontation between Religion and Science: Main Assumptions and Key Considerations While estimating the role of religion in social and cultural life of the Muslim people, both articles reveals the rigid confrontation between religious ideologies and biotechnological progress. At this point, Hamdy discusses the role of religious â€Å"fatalism† with regard to terminally ill patients and re-orients the analysis to the way religious traditions disguise the social realities: â€Å"religion is assumed to be a tool of manipulation by the powerful to keep the disadvantaged downtrodden†5. Similar to the first study, Sachedina considers religion the major challenging factor affecting social and legal spheres of life in the Eastern countries. In particular, the author underscores, â€Å"Islam is a comprehensive system that regulates the spiritual as well as civic aspects of individual and communal life†6. Quran is considered to be the major source of laws dictating the behavioral patterns and providing different perceptions of su ch medical and biological interventions as contraception, abortion, and sterilization. Deep philosophical analysis has been represented in both studies to define what aspects of religion have a potent impact on the development of current scientific and technological issues, as well as how religious tradition challenges the current development of biotechnology. In this respect, both authors have reached a consensus concerning false interpretation of the sacred book generating more misconceptions with regard the evaluation of medicine, science, and technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islam and Science in Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While addressing historical sources and interpreting relevant passages from first-hand documents, Hamdy recounts the case in which a patient Muhammad agreed to have dialysis procedures and rejected to transplant another kidney becau se of the God’s will: â€Å"For Muhammad†¦ pain was not an abhorrence to be eliminated at all costs†¦some pain was regarded as a blessing, as a reminder of God, and as something for which to be thankful†7. Hence, the author expresses his concerns with the way religious tradition manipulates people’s lives. The expectations also create challenges for legal issues in Islamic world. Within this framework, Sachedina underlines, â€Å"†¦Muslim countries have constitutional provisions indicating that Shari’ah is either â€Å"a source† or â€Å"the source† of legislation†8. With regard to the previous article, the given study is more focused on estimating the value of the Quran and religious schools in considering and justifying different issues related to women’s health and reproduction. On the one hand, both studies provide a heavy criticism of Islam as the major constraint in advancing science and technology and prom oting social welfare. On the other hand, both authors attain much importance to Quran as the solid foundation of ethical and moral codes being congruent with contemporary outlooks on health issues. To enlarge on this point, Hamdy notes that religion and spiritual foundations do not actually disapprove medical intervention, but interpret those as God’s will as far as the transplantation is concerned9. Because of misinterpretation, many Muslim people believe, â€Å"transplantation could not possibly be pleasing to God†10. At the same time, thee author represents another experience approving of transplantation and explaining that â€Å"†¦God had given our bodies as a trust (amana) and that he was therefore responsible to take care of it†11. Representing this case enables to assert that sacred documents are often interpreted with regard to social changes to adapt to the ongoing environment. Sachedina also makes use of similar statement while considering the rol e of place of religion in shaping legal platform in the Muslim world.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this point, the author explains the divergence in school of thought by various interpretation of Islam while considering the problem of contraception: â€Å"family planning†¦is occasioned by the people’s own choice and conviction, without constraint or compulsion†¦ on the condition that the means for effecting this planning is legitimate†12. In this respect, the existence of different religious schools proves once again that sacred documents have controversial passages that can be misinterpreted and can challenge the scientific and technological progress. The challenges created by religious tradition are discussed in terms of different philosophical and ethical issues. At this point, Hamdy believes, â€Å"†¦many ill patients drew on Islamic theological notions of faith in the face of suffering as redemptive of past sins or heedlessness of God†13. Disease, therefore, is not considered as a biological disorder, but a spiritual phenomena, God†™s will. Religious, but not physiological, interpretations are also approved people while discussing the problem of procreation and sexuality14. Judging from these considerations, both authors have provided a clear distinctions between religious ideologies and anti-science movements due to the diverse purposes followed by each one. Evaluating the Main Strengths and Weaknesses: Competitiveness of the Cases An in-depth evaluation of key considerations outlined in the studies, specific emphasis should be placed on the arguments and evidence that authors apply to make the case valid and reliable. At this point, Hamdy discloses his perception of religion and its relation to medicine with regard to personal encounters with people undergoing medical treatment15. By analyzing their vision on Quran provisions and personal perception of religion, the researcher has successfully managed to define how misconceptions emerged, as well as in what ways religion is used as powerful source of socia l manipulation. In contrast to this study, Sacheldina introduces historical information from the primary sources and discusses the way different theorists interpret Quran16. Within this framework, the research proves to be consistent, valid, and argumentative because each concept and notion is premised on factual information and solid evidence. Conclusion Both research studies under analysis represent a deep ideological, theological and ethical discourse in the medical treatment and biotechnological progress. Though the authors approach the discussion of Islam and its influence on social and health care environment from different angles, their assumptions are closely associated. At this point, Hamdy reveals Islamic influence on social reality, as well as analyzes how a religious disposition influences the patient’s decision to refuse to transplant organs. At this point, many patients consider God’s will as the basic ethical and philosophical foundations shaping their a ttitudes to life. At the same time, Hamdy withdraws religion and faith as the basic reasons for foreclosing medical intervention. Instead, he places an emphasis on circumstances, contexts, and conditions under which the patients make decision premised on God’s will. In contrast, Sachedina directly addresses the religious texts to explain the existing legal and ethical issues related reproduction and contraception. The author makes a conclusion that the sacred book represents specific assumptions that can be variously interpreted with regard to constantly changes social and cultural backgrounds. At this point, the author proves that Quran does not provide a unanimous answer concerning the negative attitude of Islam to the contraception and reproduction. Unlike the first study, the author highlight the importance of adhering to moral and theological principles in Quran and adapt those to the modern environment. Bibliography Hamdy, Sherine F. â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthropological Quarterly 82 (2009): 173-196. Sachedina, Zulie â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 107-111. Footnotes 1 Sherine F. Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthropological Quarterly 82 (2009): 174. 2 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 108. 3 Sherine F. Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthropological Quarterly 82 (2009):174-175 4 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 108. 5 Sherine F. Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthro pological Quarterly 82 (2009): 175 6 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 108. 7 Sherine F. Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthropological Quarterly 82 (2009): 179 8 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 110. 9 Sherine F. Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† Anthropological Quarterly 82 (2009): 183 10 Hamdy â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance,† 183 11 Hamdy, â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance†, 183. 12 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 ( 1990): 109. 13 Hamdy, â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance†, 185. 14 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 110. 15 Hamdy, â€Å"Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention: Lessons from Egypt on the Cultivation of Forbearance†, 175, 185. 16 Zulie Sachedina â€Å"Islam, Procreactiona and the Law,† International Family Planning Perspectives 16.3 (1990): 110. 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