Graduation Speech: Importance of Change :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Change is a word that I have constantly heard throughout my high school years. It is a duty period through which everyone goes whether its for the better or for the worse. For me the meaning and value of change has helped me to focus on the goals I have to accomplish. For others, it is simply just a phase we go through. All of us here have been able to learn and develop from our changes to be come a better and successful person. Motivation is an important seed of help towards succeeding. We can receive it from our family, friends, and our teachers. The one thing that I have realized most the alternative school is that the teachers and staff will never restrain up on you. In most public schools the teachers tend to bind up easily on a failing student because they dont have the eon and opportunity to get to know you and work with you. It is different here at Rose Alternative High School. The teachers continue to push you to work harder, to never give up. Friends have the biggest impact and influence in our lives. They can lead us to the path of success or path of failure. So everything that our pargonnts have told us about choosing the right friends is absolutely true. As you get older, you realize that everything your parents have said or have taught you starts to make sense. You are more aware about situations and are a lot more careful so that you dont make mistakes like we often did when we were younger. Age is not a factor when it comes to completion. As you can see, legion(predicate) of us are a lot older than others. Most of us took different steps in achieving this goal. Some took a few months while others took a few years. But even though we arrived here with different routes, we will all receive the same prize for finishing, which is a high school diploma. This retell from William Arthur Ward reflects upon me and maybe even others here If you can imagine it, you can create it.

Use of Conventions in Literary Works Such as Shakespeares Hamlet :: Props Hamlet Tragic Tragedy Analysis

Conventions are commonly known as a customary feature of a literary acidify such as the workout of a chorus in Greek tragedy or an explicit moral in a fable. They are institute in stories, plays, essays, poetry, and movies. Conventions are found frequently in Shakespeares Hamlet, Taming of the Shrew, and Othello. They are also detected in D. H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter and The Rocking Horse Winner, and lastly in Henrik Ibsens A Doll House. These literary devices all grasp the same conventional concept. The use of a prop in a literary work is a perfect example of a conventioneach prop is used to show a significant idea in its respective literary work. William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet. He was recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. In Hamlet, Shakespeare provides the first prop as letters. Ophelia proclaims, My lord, I have remembrances of yours, That I have longed long to redeliver I pray you, now receive them (III.I.93-9 5). In this citation, Ophelia gives Hamlet the letters (them) of poetry he has written to her. With this action, she manages to underestimate Hamlet, bring forth a feeling of worthlessness and unimportance. Another significant prop in Hamlet is the fencing sword. Fencing was a common, competitive and inexpert sport practiced in the Middle Ages. The sword was usually tipped with foil to prevent injury. In act V, Hamlet and Leartes engage in a game of fencing. Leartes deceives Hamlet and unbates his sword. The unbated sword is soaked in poison and the opponents bleed on both sides (V.II.271-273). This occurrence signifies the revenge each son is instilled with. Hamlet is deceive by his long-lived acquaintance. Deception and revenge brought him to his final resting place Also in act V, Hamlet and Horatio watch two clowns while they dig a grave. While the clowns dig, they come across a skull. Hamlet pronounces, This might be the pate of a politician, which this ass now oer reaches on e that would parry God, might it not? (V.I.66-67). This skull resembled Hamlets jester who has passed away over 20 years ago. The skull represented the dead smell in Denmark. This is a turning point in the drama. Everything around Hamlet was falling first his father, the incest of marriage, and his fair Ophelia. The props so far have lead up to the dramatic closedown of the play.

The Salem Scare Essay -- Literary Analysis, Arthur Miller

On the day of the hangings at Gallows Hill, some watched as friends and family were penalize for crimes they had not committed. Arthur Miller wrote about that which preceded this morbid event in The Crucible. The story, which catalogs the witchcraft trials of Salem, was not an unprovoked piece of literature. At the time Miller wrote the play, America was awful close to war with Russia, and many believed that communists were infiltrating the government. Joseph McCarthy was a man who oftentimes would accuse people of being Reds. Arthur Miller was one of the victims of McCarthys verbal attacks. Although Arthur was in no guidance a communist, denying the accusation made others think he was guilty. This Catch-22 scenario reminded Arthur of the Salem Witchcraft trials of the late 1600s. Although the two events were hundreds of years apart, the Red Sc are and the Salem Witchcraft Trials were very(prenominal) much alike. Frenzy was the main component of each happening, and this fr enzy resulted in the unjust prosecution of many individuals. The definition, theme, and how the theme relates to my daily life are essential to understanding The Crucible.The definition of crucible is a test. Throughout the play, many of Salems inhabitants are tested in various ways. Of all the characters within The Crucible, there are three who had to make major decisions that would not only affect themselves but also affect the accused.John Proctor, a man who had quite a nigh reputation in Salem, underwent a test of moral integrity. Throughout the story, he is plagued with the guilt of having had an affair with Abigail, and in order to save his wife, must confess this hell to the court. Before his wife, Elizabeth, is taken to jail, she tells John this... ... By reading about how people within the play responded to their tests, one rear reflect upon how they respond to their own tests in day to day life. The theme of how fear and suspicion feed upon themselves and result in the destruction of public order and good sense can steer one the serious repercussions that come with not considering all scenarios and letting fear take control. How the theme applies to my daily life provides one with a real homo example of how fear can break down reason and create unnecessary turmoil. Fear is a recurring emotion within Salem, and one that many in the village did not keep under control. This fear became a monster that consumed the town and unjustly killed many. In modern society, controlling our fear can save innocent lives and reputations and prevent occurrences such as the Salem Witchcraft Trials from ever happening again.

Postmodernism in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran

Where does truth lie? Postmodernism is a literary movement of the twentieth century that attempts to display that the answer to this dubiety cannot be completely determined. Characteristics of postmodern works include a mixing of different genres, random time changes, and the use of technology that solely aid in presenting a common postmodern theme that truth doesnt lie in one story, place or person. The novel extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer encompasses these postmodern characteristics combining together show how the truth cannot always be attained.Intertwined within the novel is the presence of galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) different genres including letters, articles and magazine clippings, and pictures. At first sight there is the whole book, a novel written in Oskars point of view, which tells of his trials and tribulations growing up in a post-September eleventh world. After closer examination, numerous letters from different characters at omic number 18 found placed within the story to provide an sagacity into the feelings of different characters. There is a letter from Oskars grandmother, letters from prisoners and other plenty for handwriting samples, and letters from Stephen Hawking among many. Also within the book are magazine and newspaper articles that relate to the story in different ways. For example the article about Chandra Levy parallels Oskars story of loss and continuous search. The other articles are apart of the game Oskar played with his dad. Oskars dad circled newspaper articles in red as clues to the answer to a search for item. Finally tactically Foer placed pictures relating to the novel throughout the book. The picture of the Sixth Borough (or lack of it) complements the story of the sixth borough and the picture ... ...of others. In todays society, the Internet is the primary means by which people search for truth. Foer tries to point out that in the society based on the truth still cannot a lways be found.Through the use of many postmodern characteristics Foer has created a book that concerns with the questions, where does the truth lie? And how does someone obtain the truth? At the end of the novel Oskar never really finds what he was flavour for, His questions are all left unanswered. By ending in this manor Foer suggests that the truth cant be found not every question has a yes or no answer. People can make to go through life constantly attempting to achieve the answers to life or they can choose to accept things for what they are. Truth can be defined as the body of real things, events, and facts. But knowing the definition still leaves the question does truth make up?

The Knight´s Yeoman Essay -- Knight Yeoman Essays

The Knights Yeoman He was born in a castle hoary during the twelfth century. It was the same castle that his father and grandfather before him had been born and lived in all their lives. The state was magnificent and completely self-sustaining. The grounds around the master(prenominal) citadel stretched for miles and included vineyards and farmland as well as fields for cattle and sheep. A small fresh weewee lake nearby fed several streams which supplied water to the manor house and provided for irrigation. Only a few miles away on the coast was a harbor which attracted trading ships from all around Europe. The castle itself was capacious and could house hundreds in complete comfort and security. Outer walls had been constructed ace hundred feet high and twelve feet thick to withstand the fiercest of sieges. Inside the barbicans, however, these same walls were covered with lordly handmade tapestries depicting scenes of everyday life to maintain the warmth dispersed by the many fireplaces within. Overall the structure rivaled in opulence and fortifications the palaces possessed by the wealthiest and most powerful of kings. Unfortunately, it wasnt his castle, nor would it ever be. He entered the world with a particular status in life. Unless misfortune befell him, he would leave the world as an old man just as he had entered it, a yeoman in servitude to a knight of the realm.The yeomans education came as an apprenticeship in a trade. Only royal family or those destined for the church ever learned to read or write. on that point would never be any choice for what profession or for what goals one might wish to achieve. One simply did whatever one was born into doing. There was a rigid caste system to follow, and so in the travel of his father and grandfather, he learned the art of being a woodsman. From the earliest moments of his life, the yeoman spent his youth serving the needs of the woods surrounding the estate learning how to use every element of th e forest. Whether it was cultivating wood for carpentry, or studying the migratory habits of game animals, he learned to survive and exist under the trees. There would be no other teachers for him other than his father and the older apprentices also in servitude. The apprentices would sometimes spend weeks and even months in the surrounding forests. Living in shelters made from branches and wearing clothes fabricated f... ...th life and battle and had little respect for the ways of chivalry. His first love was for women, and he cared little for devotion to both God or the kingdom. On many occasions long into the night before a battle when time should have been spent praying for divine protection, he was found in the arms of a woman. He had been lucky so far that his recklessness had not gotten him killed or captured. Nevertheless, all this was of little concern to him, he was young and handsome and felt that he had a world of women to conquer. Chaucer in describing the lusty bache lor stated that So hote he loved that by nightertale.He slepte namore than dooth a nightingale And so it came to pass one spring that upon returning from a winter campaign, the knight felt it an opportune time to take his son on a pilgrimage to visit the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury. It would be both an opportunity for them to express their sincere devotion to God as well as spend some pleasurable time together. They would spend several weeks on the road and so again the yeoman was conscripted as their servant. He would act as their valet as he watched over them while they traveled along the road.

The Knight´s Yeoman Essay -- Knight Yeoman Essays

The Knights Yeoman He was born in a castle sometime during the twelfth century. It was the same castle that his father and grandfather before him had been born and lived in every last(predicate) their lives. The estate was magnificent and in all self-sustaining. The grounds around the main citadel stretched for miles and included vineyards and farmland as well as fields for cattle and sheep. A small freshwater lake close fed several streams which supplied water to the manor house and provided for irrigation. Only a few miles away on the coast was a harbor which attracted trading ships from all around Europe. The castle itself was enormous and could house hundreds in complete comfort and security. Outer walls had been constructed one hundred feet high and twelve feet thick to withstand the fiercest of sieges. within the barbicans, however, these same walls were covered with luxurious handmade tapestries depicting scenes of everyday life to maintain the warmth dispersed by the man y fireplaces within. Overall the structure rivaled in opulence and fortifications the palaces possessed by the wealthiest and most powerful of kings. Unfortunately, it wasnt his castle, nor would it ever be. He entered the world with a particular status in life. Unless misfortune befell him, he would ensue the world as an old man just as he had entered it, a yeoman in servitude to a knight of the realm.The yeomans education came as an apprenticeship in a trade. Only royalty or those destined for the church ever learned to read or write. There would never be any plectron for what profession or for what goals one might wish to achieve. One simply did whatever one was born into doing. There was a rigid caste system to follow, and so in the steps of his father and grandfather, he learned the art of being a woodsman. From the earliest moments of his life, the yeoman spent his youth serving the of necessity of the woods surrounding the estate learning how to use every element of the fo rest. Whether it was cultivating wood for carpentry, or studying the migratory habits of game animals, he learned to go and exist under the trees. There would be no other teachers for him other than his father and the older apprentices also in servitude. The apprentices would sometimes spend weeks and even months in the surrounding forests. Living in shelters made from branches and wearing clothes fabricated f... ...th life and battle and had little respect for the ways of chivalry. His first love was for women, and he cared little for devotion to either God or the kingdom. On many occasions long into the night before a battle when time should pay back been spent praying for divine protection, he was found in the arms of a woman. He had been lucky so far that his recklessness had not gotten him killed or captured. Nevertheless, all this was of little concern to him, he was young and handsome and felt that he had a world of women to conquer. Chaucer in describing the lusty bachelo r stated that So hote he loved that by nightertale.He slepte namore than dooth a nightingale And so it came to pass one spring that upon returning from a winter campaign, the knight felt it an good time to take his son on a pilgrimage to visit the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury. It would be both an opportunity for them to express their open devotion to God as well as spend some pleasurable time together. They would spend several weeks on the road and so once more the yeoman was conscripted as their servant. He would act as their valet as he watched over them while they traveled along the road.

John Locke: A Presentation Essay

magic trick Locke wrote on m some(prenominal) subjects. An hear Concerning benignant Understanding is mostly near companionship, reality and mind in philosophy, and is a study classic in all those fields. He also wrote a major classic of policy-making philosophy, Essay on Civil Government, along with major works on religion, education and economics. Friday, declination 3, 2010 CHARLES II OF ENGLAND (1630-1685) CLAIMED ABSOLUTE POWERS, BUT WAS RESTRAINED IN USING THEM. THE TEXT BELOW THE PICTURE REFERS TO CHARLES WORK AS PATRON OF THE SCIENCES.LOCKES POLITICAL THOUGHT WAS DIRECTED AGAINST ABSOLUTISM AND HIS ETHICAL THOUGHT HAS A RELATED INDIVIDUALISM. Friday, declination 3, 2010 He had a great knowledge of the science of the succession, as he met the leading scientists as a student and fellow of the University of Oxford Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke. His philosophical approach reflected a desire to provide a able philosophical framework for the experimental sci ences. His approach bonded a British Empiricist tradition, which puts experience at the centre of philosophy, a tradition which previously included Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes.Friday, celestial latitude 3, 2010 JAMES II OF ENGLAND (1633-1701). REIGNED FROM 1685-1688 JAMES UNDERMINED HIS POSITION IN THREE YEARS BY TAKING HIS CLAIMS TO ABSOLUTE POWERS TOO FAR AND TRYING TO GIVE THE Catholic CHURCH MORE RIGHTS AND POWERS IN BRITAIN. LEADING TO THE PARLIAMENTARY GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Friday, celestial latitude 3, 2010 Locke had teaching positions at Oxford in Greek and Rhetoric, but preferred to be a doctor, as the university atmosphere at that time was not the best for new ideas in philosophy, or related ideas in religion and politics.His life as a doctor led him towards (or reinforced) the other interests he developed, as he became a doctor to Anthony Ashley Cooper, who later became the first Earl of Shaftesbury. Friday, celestial latitude 3, 2010 THE RIGHT TO RESIST AN authoritar ian EXECUTIVE WILLIAM OF ORANGE (DUTCH PRINCE MARRIED TO THE HEIR TO THE slope MONARCHY) SETS SAILS FOR ENGLAND AT THE INVITATION OF THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT WHICH WANTED ASSISTANCE IN RESISTING THE RULE OF JAMES II Friday, celestial latitude 3, 2010 Shaftesbury was a prominent figure in Whig politics of the time.The Whig party was one of two political currents in Parliament at that time, the other was the Tories. The Whigs were more collateral of parliament, less supportive to the king of the monarchy, and closer to the major economic enterprises of the time. Friday, declination 3, 2010 THIS PAINTING SHOWS WILLIAM III AND MARY BEING CROWNED JOINT MONARCHS OF ENGLAND by and by THE flight of stairs OF JAMES II IN 1688. THE TEXT REFERS TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS OF 1689 WHICH ENSURED THAT ONLY PARLIAMENT COULD PASS LAWS AND RAISE TAXES. LOCKES POLITICAL THOUGHT IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THIS REVOLUTION, MAKING HIS morality CONNECTED.Friday, celestial latitude 3, 2010 As a radically m inded Whig, Cooper was close to the most anti-monarchist circles at a time, when English kings were trying to establish absolute gallant power. In an atmosphere of conspiracy and accusation, Cooper spent time in prison before the 1688 Glorious Revolution, which established parliamentary power under a new king. Locke sh argond Coopers politics, and had to spend time in exile in the Netherlands, where he had the opportunity to extend his knowledge of new philosophical, scientific, and political ideas. Friday, December 3, 2010LOCKE THOUGHT THERE SHOULD BE AN INDEPENDENT LEGISLATIVE BODY IN A CIVIL GOVERNMENT. HIS BELIEF IN A POLITICS OF A state UNDER LAW REFLECTS A BELIEF IN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, AND THE INDIVIDUAL FOUNDATION OF ETHICS ENGLISH PARLIAMENT (1610) Friday, December 3, 2010 Locke went beyond a position as Coopers doctor and worked with Cooper in all his interests. This included a government Board to promote colonisation and take in the Carolinas (what are now the US states of North and South Carolina). Locke served as the Secretary, and his role included writing, or at least participating in, the writing of the report of the Carolinas.Friday, December 3, 2010 LOCKES PLACE OF BIRTH WRINGTON, SOMERSET, ENGLAND A VILLAGE IN RURAL SOUTH-WEST ENGLAND Friday, December 3, 2010 Lockes philosophy in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is empiricist (based on experience). Locke defines the simplest possible experiences, which he thinks is what enters our mind before the mind creates complex and abstract ideas. What we experience, before the mind transforms simple experience into all that we run a risk in the mind, is simple ideas. Friday, December 3, 2010.MAP OF 17TH CENTURY ENGLAND LOCKES HOME COUNTY OF SOMERSET IS IN THE SOUTHWEST BELOW WALES. THE MAP REFERS TO THE MID-CENTURY CIVIL warfare BETWEEN MONARCH AND PARLIAMENT. LOCKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LATER TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT IN 1689. Friday, December 3, 2010 Simple ideas bed both from sensation and from the reflection of the mind on itself. These ideas are the starting point for knowledge for Locke, and for everything else in the mind, including our sense of adept and lousiness. Our ideas of good and evil play along from simple ideas of pleasure and hurt.That is ideas which come from sensations, which we cannot describe, or define, in any way, other than to say that they are agonised or pleasurable. Friday, December 3, 2010 PENSFORD A LARGER TOWN IN RURAL SOMERSET, WHERE LOCKES FAMILY MOVED SOON AFTER HIS BIRTH Friday, December 3, 2010 Our passions depend completely on pleasure and pain. When we reflect on how pleasure or pain modifies our mind, we lead the ideas of our passions. Reflection on rape produces love the thought of pain produces hatred. Friday, December 3, 2010 JUST OUTSIDE PENSFORD WHERE LOCKE WAS BROUGHT UP.BELLUTON Friday, December 3, 2010 Absence of something, which is the source of something, which gives us pleasures causes us an uneasiness. That uneasi ness is the source of desire. Uneasiness, and the desire it creates, are good things because they lead us to act and work in order to fare our objects of desire. Friday, December 3, 2010 WESTMINISTER SCHOOL, capital of the United Kingdom LOCKE ATTENDED THIS FAMOUS HIGH SCHOOL Friday, December 3, 2010 Joy is the delight of the mind from considering a present good, or a good that we are certain of having.A man who is starving has joy from diet even before he eats it, which is an example of joy in its second aspect. The father who has delight in the well-being of his children, has this delight all the time that his children are in that state, by reflecting on that state (which seems to be part of the second aspect of joy for Locke). Friday, December 3, 2010 17TH CENTURY VIEW OF LONDON PAINTED BY NICOLAES JANSZ VISSCHER Friday, December 3, 2010 Sorrow is the uneasiness, which comes from thinking of a good we deem lost, but might have enjoyed for longer.Sorrow also comes from the sens e of an evil present to us. Again the passion comes from either the presence of something, or something in the mind, but in this case from remembering what is lost, not anticipating something that will happen. Friday, December 3, 2010 christ CHURCH COLLEGE WHERE LOCKE WAS STUDENT, EVENTUALLY QUALIFYING AS A DOCTOR UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Friday, December 3, 2010 Hope is a passion completely tied to expectation. It is the pleasure, which comes from expecting something that gives us delight. Fear is also directed to expectation, but expectation of an expected evil.Friday, December 3, 2010 JOHN LOCKE Friday, December 3, 2010 Anger and envy have a particular place in the passions caused by pleasure and pain, because they involve reference to ourselves, and to others, which is lack in other passions. In anger, I want revenge against person who caused me pain in envy I want something that someone else has. Not all people feel anger and envy, because though everyone feels pleasure and pai n, not everyone has this reaction to other people. Friday, December 3, 2010 FIRST EARL OF SHAFTESBURY LOCKES PATRON ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER Friday, December 3, 2010Pleasure and pain, delight and uneasiness, do not simply come from the bodily pain and pleasure. They also come the delight, or uneasiness, that come from welcome and unwelcome sensation, or reflection. Locke thinks it is necessary to emphasise that pain and pleasure are not just in the body, and goes on to emphasise that pain comes from lessen of pleasure, and that pleasure comes from lessening of pain. Friday, December 3, 2010 THOMAS SYDENHAM (1624-1689) THE FATHER OF ENGLISH MEDICINE/ THE ENGLISH HIPPOCRATES TAUGHT MEDICINE TO LOCKE DID MAJOR WORK ON THE BLACK PLAGUE AND THE popular METHODS OF MEDICINE.A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON LOCKE. Friday, December 3, 2010 There is a simple idea of power, which comes from the way that things bring about changes or are changed by other things. Where we see that some thing brings about so me regular change in some other thing, we have the idea of an active power and where we see that some thing regularly has changes brought out by some other thing, we have the idea of passive power. The idea of power does not come clearly from a source outside ourselves, since the power is something we infer from out sensations, it is not something we sense directly.Friday, December 3, 2010 REPUBLICANS AND SUPPORTERS OF PARLIAMENTARY POWER CONSPIRED TO KILL KING CHARLES II AND HIS BROTHER JAMES, DUKE OF YORK (THE FUTURE JAMES II) ON THEIR WAY BACK TO LONDON, IN 1683. THE DISCOVERY OF THE PLOT LED TO SEVERE REPRESSION OF OPPONENTS OF ABSOLUTISM. COOPER WAS ARRESTED, LOCKE FLED TO THE NETHERLANDS RYE HOUSE, HODDESON, HERTFORSHIRE Friday, December 3, 2010 We get the idea of power most directly from reflection on our minds. We can observe a power, which controls the order of our ideas and our actions, inside the mind. That power is the will. Friday, December 3, 2010.MAJOR ENGLISH REPUBLI CAN THINKER AND ACTIVIST, ARRESTED AND EXECUTED AFTER THE RYE HOUSE PLOT ALGERNON SYDNEY (1623-1683) Friday, December 3, 2010 The performance of an action, or our forbearance (putting up with) of action from outside, which comes from a look out over of the mind, is where we have the voluntary. Where such a command is lacking, the action/ forbearance is involuntary as the will was not doing anything. Locke is now moving into questions of free will and de destinationinism in human action, which itself brings up questions of how much moral responsibility, and choice, we have.Friday, December 3, 2010 SAYS GOOD BYE TO HIS FAMILY JUST BEFORE HIS EXECUTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE RYE HOUSE PLOT. whitethorn generate BEEN EXECUTED AS A POLITICAL MEASURE RATHER THAN FOR ANY GENUINE CONNECTION WITH THE PLOT. A LEADER OF THE COUNTRY PARTY, LATER cognize AS WHIGS WILLIAM RUSSELL, LORD RUSSELL (1639-83) Friday, December 3, 2010 The will is a faculty, or power, of the mind, which comes under ano ther faculty. That is the faculty of understanding, which is the power of perception. The power of perception is how we perceive ideas, signs, relations among ideas.Friday, December 3, 2010 HOBBES WAS AN EARLIER ENGISH EMPIRICIST. HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS IDEAS ABOUT POLITICS WHICH CONTAIN LIBERAL INDIVIDUALISTIC AND LAW GOVERNED ELEMENTS AS IN LOCKE, BUT too A STRONGER NOTION OF STATE AUTHORITY AND A PREFERENCE FOR MONARCHY. THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679) Friday, December 3, 2010 The ideas of liberty and necessity (free will and determinism) comes from perceiving our power to act or forbear. In this case, Locke is making free will/liberty primary in relation to necessity/determinism.Liberty is the power of the will over ideas and actions, and we have liberty where we have complete command there is necessity where we lack such complete power, and this can be case even where we have thought, volition, will. Friday, December 3, 2010 THE FRONT pageboy OF HOBBES MOST INFLUENTIAL THE GIANT REPRESENTS THE POWER OF THE STATE password LEVIATHAN (1660) NECESSARY TO DEFEND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND LAW. Friday, December 3, 2010 The term voluntary is to be opposed to the term involuntary, not to necessity. It whitethornbe that we are in a place we want to be, but we are not able to leave.The fact that we are there is voluntary, because we want to be there, but it is a situation in which we lack liberty to change the situation. There are situations which are both voluntary and necessary (set, lacking in free will). Friday, December 3, 2010 NATHANIEL CULVERWELL (1619-1651) THEOLOGIAN AND PHILOSOPHER. A LEADING EARLY 17TH CENTURY ETHICAL THINKER, WHO INFLUENCED LOCKE THOUGH FROM A DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW, THE essential LAW TRADITION GOING BACK TO ARISTOTLE IN WHICH ETHICAL LAWS CAN BE FOUND IN OUR NATURE Friday, December 3, 2010 We are lacking in liberty (free will), where we cannot control our thought and ideas.Examples of this include waking up in the morning when we find our ideas do not follow our will, and the person being rack who cannot escape from the idea of pain. An individual is a free agent only when freed of such constraints on ideas in the mind. Friday, December 3, 2010 RICHARD CUMBERLAND (1631-1718) PHILOSOPHER AND BISHOP. ONE OF THE MAJOR ETHICAL THINKERS OF LOCKES TIME, THOUGH NOT WIDELY strike NOW. AM STRONG ADVOCATE OF NATURAL LAW, WHO INFLUENCED CONTINENTAL THINKING. HE ALSO INFLUENCED UTILITARIANISM WITH HIS BELIEF THAT NATURAL LAW SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BECAUSE IT MAXIMISES BENEFITS TO HUMANITYFriday, December 3, 2010 We should not say that the will has freedom (though since Locke it has become normal to talk about free will). Freedom is an attribute, or property, as is will. Attributes or properties, belong to a substance which in thus case is an agent (the individual person). Freedom and will are two attributes/properties of an agent. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 Will is the ability to prefer, or choose, and that is something that characterises what is voluntary, and is not a characteristic of freedom.The will and the understanding to not act on each other, the power of thinking is not the same thing as the power of choice. Friday, December 3, 2010 CUMBERLANDS EUROPEAN INFLUENCE IS CONFIRMED BY 1744 THIS TRANSLATION OF ON NATURAL LAW. THE voice IS JEAN BARBEYRAC (1674-1744), HIMSELF A MAJOR FIGURE IN NATURAL LAW. Friday, December 3, 2010 Willing/volition is an action, freedom is a power of acting or not acting. Willing follows upon a thought, a preference, in our mind, and it is that thought which is free, not the act which follows from it. Freedom is where we can act on our preference. Friday, December 3, 2010.RALPH CUDWORTH (1617-88) CUDWORTH WAS A PHILOSOPHER AND CHURCH MINISTER, WHO PREACHED SERMONS AT THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. HE WAS CONNECTED WITH THE INFLUENTIAL CAMBRIDGE PLATONISTS, AND HAD A RATIONALIST BASIS FOR ETHICS. LIKE THE OTHER ETHICISTS OF THE TIME, HE WAS A LATITUDINARIAN, T HAT IS HE ADVOCATED A STATE CHURCH OF TOLERANCE AND CHARITY Friday, December 3, 2010 The will is moved by desire, and desire is moved by unease. Unease is the result of the lack of an object that brings about pleasure. It is lack which brings about desire, because the pain of not having something outweighs the positive good of having something.Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 It is desire which determines the will, not good or evil. Most of our life is determined by desire reacting to the unease of lack, which has much more set on us that good and evil, though these are sometimes present in the mind. ill and happiness are the extreme states of pain and pleasure. Friday, December 3, 2010 LADY DAMARIS (CUDWORTH) MASHAM (1658-1708) LOCKE FORMED A ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT WITH THE DAUGHTER OF RALPH CUDWORTH IN 1682. THIS WAS INTERRUPTED BY LOCKES EXILE IN THE NETHERLANDS.SHE MARRIED SIR FRANCIS MASHAM AND LOCKE BECAME A CLOSE FRIEND OF BOTH ON HIS RETURN. SHE IS THE FIRST PUBLISHED WOMAN PHILOSOPHER IN BRITAIN, WITH VIEWS CLOSE TO HER FATHER Friday, December 3, 2010 Our desires are mostly controlled by comparisons between pleasure and pain, in which we try to minimise pain. This has more influence over us than the positive idea of the good of reward in the afterlife, or of ideas of good and evil. Our life is dominated by the desire to avoid unease some unease comes from natural sources, like lust and thirst, and is then multiplied by the education and fashions of human life.Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 Someone who is completely satisfied with the condition of life has no uneasiness, is not distressed by anything. Everyone can see that this must be the case, and that in these circumstances we have no will towards anything, except to remain in that state. Locke suggests that only pain makes us do anything. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 It is God, the all-wise maker the pain of hunger, thirst and other natural desires. Te pain, and the desire to end the pain, is what makes us do things.The actions that follow from this, protect the lives of he individuals who act, and the human species as a whole. Thinking about good ends, for individuals and humanity, does not make us act, on its own. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 If just thinking about good ends made us do anything, we would not need pain. So it looks like God gave us pain to make us improve ourselves, and humanity as a whole. Locke quotes St Paul (originally Saul of Tarsus), whose letters form part of the New Testament of the Bible, and who was one of the main shapers of early Christianity. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010.Locke quotes one of Pauls most famous sayings (in Letters to Corinthians, Book 7, Verse 9), it is better to marry than burn. That is, it is better to marry than to be obsessed with desire. Lockes suggestion is that God moves us to the morally desirable state of marriage which also ensures the continuation of the human race, through desires which are painful if not satisfied. Avoiding the pain is a bigger influence on our actions than the idea of marriage. Friday, December 3, 2010 ROYAL ACADEMY LONDON Friday, December 3, 2010 Trying to avoid a current pain is a much bigger motive for us than the hope of a future pleasure.People only try to escape from poorness when they are disturbed by the situation, and not because they think it might be more pleasurable than the pleasure they already have in their lives. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 Locke looks at moral motivation itself. We are not motived to virtue because we think about it and see it as good. We act from virtue, when we are full with the desire to be righteous, and feel uncomfortable at lacking a high state of righteousness. This is religious language, or being righteous in the eyes of God, which Locke translates into moral reasoning.Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 201 0 Even an alcoholic, who is destroying his wealth and life through drink, is unwilling to give up the pleasures of drinking in a bar with his friends. The alcoholic knows he risks his wellness and money, and may even fail to enter heaven in the next life (as Locke suggests indirectly). He knows that drink and chat in the bar is a lesser good than what he is losing, but he cannot bear to lose his present pleasure. Friday, December 3, 2010 Werner Horvath John Locke. Color pencils on paper, 32 x 24 cm, Crete 1999 (left) and John Locke, oil on canvas, 50 x 40 cm, Crete.Friday, December 3, 2010 Mere knowledge of the good in life, and in the next live, cannot influence our actions. The same enigma applies to everything to do with the next life. Knowledge that we should act in certain ways to be rewarded by God in the future, has a very weak influence on our actions. It is present conditions which influence us. Our will cannot direct us to future states, however great the good that we may win or lose in the future. Friday, December 3, 2010 Friday, December 3, 2010 Current uneasiness, that is pain, influences us much more deeply than an infinite good in the future.We can see this in the behaviour of someone who is passionately in love. The pain of not having the person, who is loved, is a physical pain, as is the desire for revenge. It is physical pain which influences us. Friday, December 3, 2010 TWO TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT (1690) A daybook CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION. THE FIRST TREATISE IS AN ATTACK ON THE MONARCHICAL ABSOLUTIST ROBERT FILMER. THE SECOND TREATISE IS AN ESSAY ON CIVIL GOVERNMENT, THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PART. HERE LOCKE SAYS WE HAVE NATURAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY CONFLICT WITH HIS EMPIRICISM IN THE ESSAY Friday, December 3, 2010.One problem that is sometimes raised with Lockes ethics and philosophy, is that there may be a contradiction between his view of the mind as determined by present sensations, and his view of natural rights in pol itics. In The Essay Concerning Civil Government, Locke argues that we have rights before government emerges. Friday, December 3, 2010 BOOK BY LOCKE IN THE ITU LIBRARY Friday, December 3, 2010 In a state of nature, without government, Locke suggests that we have rights to preserve our life, have liberty from other peoples interference, and keep our possessions.Governments are formed to make those rights better protected. If Locke thinks our morality comes from reaction to sensation, there is a question of how we have rights belonging to all humans at all times regardless of context. Friday, December 3, 2010 THIS IS IN SERIES DESIGNED TO BE READ BY STUDENTS LOWE IS A PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, ENGLAND BOOK IN ITU LIBRARY Friday, December 3, 2010 Related sustains by John Locke Most important book related to ethics, Two Treatises on Government, particularly the Second Treatise, Essay on Civil Government. Also.A Letter concerning Toleration. Friday, December 3, 2010 BOOK IN ITU LIBRARY RELATED TO ETHICS IN LOCKE AND LATER BRITISH PHILOSOPHER. THE SHAFTESBURY REFERRED TO WAS THE GRANDSON ON LOCKES PATRON, THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. CAREY TEACHES AT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND IN GALWAY. Friday, December 3, 2010 Books on Locke (in the ITU library) Routledge ism Guidebook to Locke on Human Understanding, by E. J. Lowe. Routledge Philosophhy Guidebook to Locke on Government, by D. A. Lloyd Thomas. (E-version) Friday, December 3, 2010 PHOTOGRAPH THE END RICHARD ROBERTS Friday, December 3, 2010.

Operations Management Essay

1. How should property be delineate at this restaurant? Outline which prize tools you would use to judge the situation at The rajahs restaurant.Quality of assistance is the most important aspect to a guest. The concept of eccentric shadow be defined in various ways. By definition Quality is consistent conformance to customers expectations (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2004). from each one customer has expectations of different quality standards and quality service.In The rajah Tandoori restaurant quality has been declining recently. An example of this is patrons keep up to wait as long as 45 minutes to be seated, in addition to this it wad up to 40 minutes more to get a good meal served to the table.The dimensions of service quality are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible factors (James A. Fitzsimmons et al, 2004). The customer survey results indicate that 87% of customers believe the quality of food at the restaurant is excellent. Also, the dining experience is very good being represented by 81% of customers. However, 78% of customers have expressed that they found the waiter to be only at satisfactory standards, this is in all probability to be due by the lack of cater experience. 70% of customer responses showed that they were served within a reasonable time. The 30% could be justified due to the poor quality of ingredients being delivered restricting the chef in meal preparations. (See appendix 1 for workings).However, there are some good aspects such as the variety of food, waiters are incessantly available and on the look for any requests, there is withal the additional service of hot flannels are being brought to refresh diners.Many quality tools can be used to assess the situation at The rajahs restaurant. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a way to approach the organisation of quality values (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2004). TQM is a process of involving everyone in an organisation in continuously imp roving products and processes to achieve on every occasion quality that satisfies customers need (John Naylor, 2002).It seeks to integrate all organizational functionsto focus on meeting customer involve (http//www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c031008a.asp).TQM was introduced by Feigenbaum (1957) and positive further by Deming, Ishikawa, Taguchi and Crosby.W. Edwards Deming (1950s) introduced 14 points for quality improvement. He wanted to focus on the product or else of the process. Continuous Improvement (CI) emphasises quality and reduces cost. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle (see appendix 2) is important in inspecting quality in one stage of the quality improvement process. The owner of The Raja restaurant can emphasise the importance of quality by having better teamwork skills and more employee involvement that can in conclusion lead to a quality service.Kaoru Ishikawa developed quality circles which imply on the importance of group roles in working and learning. Teams of 3-5 members can be set up at the restaurant their aim is to post the fountains of quality failure. Each team could focus on a certain aspect such as the quality of food or service.To assess problems of quality at the restaurant cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) can be used. This can help find the cause of problems by working backwards to find a possible cause of a quality problem. Below is a cause-effect-diagram for the effect of the poor service at the restaurant.TQM has an emphasis on meeting customer expectations the Raja restaurant needs to establish this in indian lodge for it to be successful. At peak times customer meals should be prepared within the typical time limit of 25 minutes instead of 40 minutes. The variety of food that is made available to customers as well needs to be considered, the wider the variety made available may ultimately pull out more customers. There have also been delays in clearing tables this ultimately leads to delays in seating populate. All these problems result in poor quality of service. The central foundation of the restaurant is based on customers, it is customer based service, hence the importance of improving quality.Errors that emerge from the service of the restaurant lead to inefficiency and this in turn results in poor service to customers. As the cook mainly controls the quality of the food it is essential that all ingredients are available, recently the purchase of ingredients for the restaurant have not been good enough. The lettuce has appeared wilted and the tough chicken has had more meat than bones.This has ultimately led to certain dishes not being made available. It needs to be established that each individual operation contributes to the overall success of the restaurant. Requirements of customers and the restaurant itself need to be defined for example the quality and speed of service and what customer expectations are. Mystery shoppers can be used at peak times to find out exactly how service needs to be improved.Each individual contributes to quality therefore each person has the ability to improve quality. Members of staff need to be given empowerment to make suggestions. All staff should be involved in the improvement of performance in the restaurant this can lead to a better team.The benefits of empowerment are* Better customer service* Satisfied customers* Employees feel more secure about the job* Promotes word-of-mouth advertising and customer loyaltyThe costs of quality are prevention, appraisal, informal and external failure costs (see appendix 3). It is essential to train and develop employee skills to suit the requirements of the restaurant. Identify problems and correct them before they have occurred. Negotiate with suppliers to improve the quality of ingredients. The ultimate goal is to increase quality of service in the restaurant, once this is achieved costs will fall.A quality strategy needs to be utilise into the Raja restaurant to provide long-term goals which are relevant to the restaurants aim. This can be achieved by implementing groups, such as quality circles and setting certain tasks and aims. reproduction employees is another strategy this could focus on eliminating errors and improving quality.2. How would you improve the service experience for customers of the Raja?Following the definitions quality is a very important thin out that needs to be taken into consideration for every movement that a business does, nevertheless there is also design, layout and production to be considered, is having this in theme that we overlooked at Rajas situation.To keep up with new business and competitors you need to innovate, differentiate, create something special and unique, a customer that has an experience is likely to return and therefore be loyal to your business as well as recommend it to others.The Rajas Restaurant needs to be re-modernised, the grey-headed wall paper should be scrapped and in its regulate should be something more welcoming and pleasing, giving the feel of a calm and clean environment.The layout should also be changed making a separate entrance between the dining in customers and those who just want to take the food away, one type of customer should not interfere with the other so a distinction should be made clearly.There is even the possibility of expanding the business and introducing a take-away menu where customers could place orders over the phone and have it delivered to their address that would leave even more space for customers who prefer dining in and would also increase customer numbers.Whilst umpteen customers may enjoy listening to the radio, many others may not, it will be good to have a mixture of music, compiling a good CD collection as well as the traditional radio station, and this is likely to please almost everyone as it gives a feel of a balanced environment. role the free pose as an advantage and make customers aware of this facility, especially on Fridays and Saturdays nights when high streets are crowded with people going to different places and parking space is limited.The Raja needs concentrate on its service speed, customers dont like waiting and if the waiting is long they might find it well-off going elsewhere, to make sure quality issues are resolved they need to reduce waiting time, focusing especially over weekends when demand is higher.In order to do that waiters should not have to help in the kitchen, fetching food, be involved in any form of food preparation or do any food sequencing for the chef. More kitchen staff needs to be employed, employing more staff will mean higher costs but it will also mean higher turn over of tables.Having more kitchen staff also means you can have more food variety and new dishes can be introduced, a new menu can be designed following seasons variations, this should prevent customers from being bored and keep coming back to hand over new things.As we expect the number of customers to grow we need to also plan for more waiters to be working on the waiting area, service should always be at high standard and customers should never have to ask for anything. Making sure there is good quality service means people will feel satisfied and return more often.Cost reduction is another important issue, if your ingredients are pricey your food will be expensive and it will attract fewer people, working with a single supplier that can provide good quality ingredients, fresh and reliable goods will automatically reduce cooking time, speeding up the process, also bulk buying is cheaper and a deal can be negotiated for ingredients that are bought more often.Big suppliers can also deliver, that should save even more time so management can focus on planning and improving other things, such as appraising staff and overlooking problems.Proper training should be provided to all members of staff everyone should comply with the Health Safety Regulations for food and always maintai n standards, the working environment should always be clean and well maintain, this will not only make working easier but will also show an improvement on the visual aspect.All staff should be properly dressed for their functions and always make sure they are running their tasks smoothly.Managers should concentrate in individual performances as well as team performances, having a good and healthy work environment will motivate employees and customers will notice it.After introducing this double transformation, if performance is still low promotional schemes can be created to bring customers back, a loyalty card with a discount percentage is likely to attract many people and give them the impression they are getting another advantage here that they cant have elsewhere.

Move and position Essay

11 Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human be in relation to the grandeur of correct paltry and localization of individuals The anatomy which the physical structure of the body and physiology which is the normal functions of the body help individuals to move their limbs. Muscles beat the power of contraction thus it produce movement of the body and allow the bones to institute like hinges. When moving someone/individual it is important to conceive that the muscles can only move the joint as far as the bones will allow them.12 Describe the impact of particular conditions on the correct movement and positioning of an individual If an individual has suffer from a stroke this may cause loss of movement in the limbs on one side of the body (hemiplegia). In that case it is very important to remember that when you are assisting an individual with regards to dressing you need to dress the individual first off the bad side and when undressing him/her you do the bad side last ly to prevent discomfort.Read more Identify each contiguous run a risks to the individual essay thence that mean by look oning this procedure you are non pulling their muscles in the wrong direction. 21 Describe how legislation and agreed ship canal of on the job(p) affect working practices related to moving and positioning individuals How legislation and agreed ways of working affect working practices Current, local, UK and European legislation affects procedures and practices.This admit Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended 2004), Reporting of Injuries, Health and Safety at invent Act 1974 (England, Wales and Scotland) Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) influence 1 978, Lifting operations and lifting Equipment Regulation (1998( LOLER, The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995, Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998, Management of Health and S afety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999 disablement Discrimination Act (1995), Human Rights Act (1998).In the workplace there is Code of Practice and Conduct, Standards and Guidance relevant to individuals role and responsibilities eg wellness and gum elastic policies, moving and handling policies, moving and handling techniques, Policies on information sharing, risk assessment documentation, individual care sees, transmission system control procedures, recording and reporting procedures ect.All these policies and procedures can affect our working practices for example Manual and Handling is about supporting the weight of someone or moving them yourself by victimization an equipment, If you do non carry this procedures safely it could result injury to self, to service substance ab user and other individual that are working with you. The Health and Safety Work Act (1974) state that 50% or all accident reported each year are from assisting people with manual and handling.The reg ulation that are perplex impose duties on employers, self- employed and employees, they state that employers must avoid all hazardous manual handling activities where it is practical to do so. Employees must follow the work system set by the employer to promote care for the health and safety of self and others, comply with the requirement imposed on the employer, never misuse or interfere with anything provided for health, safety and welfare. Also use material or equipment only according to recommended procedures.22 Describe what health and safety factors need to be taken into account when moving and positioning individual and any equipment used to do this Health and safety factors that need to take into account when moving and positioning individual and any equipment used to do this are as follows Environmental hazards wet or slippery floor, wires that are hanging or are on the floor and items in the immediate area that could cause a trip or a fall or preventing you to move freel y when using equipment, precautions for infection prevention and controls, ensuring any equipment is ready for use and fault free, individual trained in the use of any equipment and have the skills for the moving and positioning required any factors that might affect the individuals ability to move or position others eg physical disability or injury, pregnancy or other medical examination condition procedures to minimise risk of injury (back injury) to the individual carrying out the moving and handling importance of not dragging including effect on pressure sores importance of wearing suitable clothing that allows free movement when bending or stretching suitable, safe footwear, equipment eg hoists, slides, slide sheets, slings, pillows. 33 Identify any immediate risks to the individual The immediate risks to the individual are as follows environmental factors, equipment, service user and person involved in the moving and handling.The service user could be in danger or harm if pro cedures has not carried out correctly, individual could be at risk of infection, it could cause pain, discomfort or friction from moving, not having proper moving and handling techniques could be a risk to individual. Those assisting in the moving and handling, others deep down the environment and servicer. Equipment can be faulty. Risk can lead any time at your work place that why it is important to always check and identify risks and try to correct it straight away ( ie) if you are using a sling to hoist a service user and it has a tear on it no matter how small the risk is, if it is not being corrected straight away this could lead to a big risk and may cause detrimental damage to self, service user and others involved. thence a risk assessment plan should be in place so that it can be changed and implement as to requirement of service users needs. 34 Describe actions to take in relation to place risks Action that needs to be taken in relation to identified risk are as follows To report it to Nurse in Charge on duty or Manager so that risk assessment plan can be updated. Ensure service user and all people involved in the care are made aware of the changes, ensure supply are implement procedures according the update risk assessment. Ensure the plan design comply with the trust requirement policy and staff are working within those guidelines. Communicating with the team to find out from staff whether the plan in place are working or any changes needs to be done.35 Describe what action should be taken if the individuals wishes conflict with their plan of care in relation to health and safety and their risk assessment Policy and procedures in relation to moving and handling may conflict with service user wishes. Due accident that happening in workplace due to lifting. Many workplace has now adopted NO-Lifting policy which means that hoists are to use according to their needs. However on many make service user do not want to be hoisted and if dealt with it incorrectly, it could leave service user feeling scared, undignified, humiliated, distressed and degraded. As much as employees has to follow policies but you find yourself in trouble due to basic human right may have been violated..To prevent conflict between service user and workplace policies relating moving and positioning you must involve service user in their own risk assessment and mobility service plan if appropriate. . Risk assessment to be focus on service user needs only on Employer needs. . Patient Centred Care Plan with agreement to service user fetching into account requirement needs. . Wishes of service user need to be balanced to ensure employer are not putting themselves at risk through moving and positioning activities. By involving service user in their care this will promote independence, autonomy and dignity. Service user may change and mobility can meliorate or deteriorate which may lead changes to their mind on how they wish to be moved or positioned.If the ir wishes conflict with their plan of support, it is important to document this in the service user care plan and inform the manager and outside agency that are involved in the care of the service user. 61Describe when advice and/or assistance should be sought to move or handle an individual safely You would seek advice . When individual that need moving has preferences that conflict with safe practice. . When risk cannot be dealt with . When equipment appears to be worn, damaged or unsafe to use . When techniques or equipment used require more than one person to use it safely . When working unaided would exceed personal handling limit. When individual care plan and/or risk assessment cannot be follow as intend . When Organisational policies and procedures cannot be followed. 62 Describe what sources of information are available about moving and positioning Sources about moving and positioning is available within the work setting such as policies, procedures and manuals, there is a lso advice from other practitioners such as nurse, welfare officer, physiotherapist or team advising on health and safety eg back care, sources external to the setting including local authority, primary care trust and organisations promoting health and safety and caring for those with physical disability, Back care advisor (BCA).

Benefit of changing to Activity Based costing system

Activity Based Costing has been of big(p) help to the companies and other forms of businesses. With the help of commencement ceremony rudiment, the organizations have been able to implement strategies to overcome non-homogeneous problems facing the welf atomic number 18 of their businesses and other activities in the organizations. The organizations have been able to assign cost of each activity to the intersections and services that are offered by a fact organization. This is done for the sole purpose of elimination of high prices to some products and due to lack or low profits in other products or services.The ABC rule is used as a tool by businesses to assign the cost of the business activities to the goods and services (organization products) offered by the business to its customers. It is used as a tool that understands the customers and the product cost and the over any profitability. It is also used to in supporting the decision making process as would be used in product pricing, marketing, identification and a way to measure the initiative of improvements. IntroductionThe Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a method used by accountants that keister allow the business to foregather information in regard to their operations cost. Their operations cost is then assigned to specific activities that include planning, production and other organization activities and then they are associated with the variety of products and services. This enables the companionship to know what products and services have increasing profits and which have increased losses, this help in learning the flow of each product and service within the company.The use of ABC method help the concerned personnel in the company to prepare an effective data that impart support in preparing budget that will bring a greater achievements in the company and enable the company to have an effective plan for the expense that will keep the company running smoothly for a given menstruum of time . ABC method is mostly effective and is much recommended for a longer period of time over the short term as opposed by the theory of constraints. Research objectives The objectives of this research are To determine the effectiveness of ABC To ask how companies implement the ABC in their activities To compare the excellence of companies that use ABC and those that dont use ABC To determine the advantages and disadvantages of ABC Literature reappraisal The activity based costing got first implementation in the 1980s. It was a formed as an alternative to replace the traditional way of cost focussing governances that was not effective in producing favorable results when allocating the costs. The implementation of the system was advocated by Professor Robert Kaplan of Harvard business school.It was initially used for private business though it has before long gained usage by even the public forums like those used to measure the efficiency of the governance. The ABC programs requi re proper planning and great commitment from the highest management. It is recommendable to rifle up with trials in the organization. These trials may be done with the departments that are not performing well as it would be expected of them. This would be a great chance to show that the ABC is an effective system that would save funds for the company with great achievements.On the other hand, if the company des not save money on this, either the system process was not well implemented or may not be effective for the company. (Gary, 1998) According to the study, the business should first set up a team that will master the progress of the product and which activity would be appropriate for the product and service. The team should include all persons from the different departments of the company. After the formation of the team and putting in place all the required materials, the activities that cost money are determined. (Cokins, 1999 and David 1991)At this point, great attention is stipendiary for details on each activity are required, most of the costs might be hidden and may bring in controversy at that place after for the may not be obvious initially. Even though there might be some replacement to human labor, its unagitated important to determine the fixed cost of a product or service. (Cokins, 2000) Even though this method is important to the business, it has some adventures. The companies that use the ABC system, the risk using too much time and money while trying to implement the system and collecting data, going through it and in implementations.Lack of detailed data can lead to frustrations of the managers and can on the other hand contribute to the down fall of the system. Mistake done on the data collection can lead to downfall again if not noticed before implementation. (Joyce, 1999) Through the implementation of the activity based costing, the employees are able to understand the different costs that are involved in different activities. This enables them to analyze and identify the activities that add value to the product and those that do not, it helps them improve on value and benefits are realized.In the DHL Company, the employees are involved in collecting data and views from the clients this enables them to involve themselves in quality improvement of their services and eliminate the non profitable activities that enable the overall companys efficiency. (Henricks, 1999) The ABC system has helped the DHL Company to answer the market need in providing quality service at a better and competitive price. This system has helped the companys to management in the decision making process. (Hicks, 1998) This has helped the company to reduce the price of their services without a decline in value of their services.(Hicks, 1999) The benefits of the ABC system are now in use in most institutions that include the government departments and the public financial institutions. The Barclays bank New York changed its accounting metho d to go forth accurate and cost effective data. Through the change to ABC, the Barclays bank has particularly found it helpful compared to the former funding based accounting systems that was designed for ensuring court-ordered compliance. (Paulo, 1998) In the use of ABC, the managers are able to direct funds where they are more beneficial.They are able to learn the weaker points in the organization making it elementary for them to implement the most beneficial activity in the business. (Robert, 2004) The managers in Barclays bank found that ordinary accounts were not doing much well compared to loans, they campaigned for people to take more loans at simpler rates and prolonged repayments period, and this increased to Banks profits than ever. The bank is launching new loan strategies that are expected to double the profits. (Robert and Bruns, 1987)

Mango Street and the Struggles to Achive the American Dream Essay

What is the american dream? Many commonwealth will answer that question by verbalize being successful in america. Others would say that having a nice house in a good neighboorhood, a good marriage, two kids and a flourishing retreiver is the american dream. Unlike these beliefs of what the american dream is for many latinos that tot to this farming the american dream is simply one word, survival. For esperanza her american dream is to vex appear of mango tree street. Something that she wishes for and is certain that when the time comes she will do.The house on mango street by sandra cisneros manifest all the stuggles and hardships latinos go through when they come to this country to try and achieve the american dream. Imagine going outside and non being able to read what the signs in the street say, or going to cancel out somewhere and not being able to get what you destiny because no one understands the language you speak. This is a huge struggle that all latinos face whe n they come here, the language barrier. Home is something that is far far away for latino immigrants. Home is family, friends, smells, food, familiar faces, the place you love.Something that most latinos dont thrust when they come to america. Esperansa knows that mango street isnt the category she wants. Longing for shell is sometimes the biggest stuggle of being an immigrant. Something that esperanza has dealt with her entire purport. In the story esperanza learns that achieving your dreams are very difficult speacially if you are a latino women. The initial stuggle that latinos have to overcome when they come here is the language barrier. Something that mamacita in No speak english does not understand. Mamacita is a women who doesnt want to change her lifestyle to the american way.She only knows a few words and like many latinos no speak english is the main thing she says. Esperanza believes that she doesnt comes out because she is afraid to speak english. Many latino immigra nts go through the same thing. If its not the financial situation, meaning that they cant devote to go to school to learn english. Or just plain embarrasment of people laughing at them if they try to speak, like when esperanzas dad ate hamandeggs for his first three months of being in america because he did not know any other words.This is a barrier that holds a lot of people back. It is not easy trying to achieve the american dream without learning the language first. Esperanza associates the power of language as a way out of mango street. She views her cogency to write as the freedom and ticket out of the barrio. Not having a place to call home is also a big struggle that latinos have to overcome in able achieve the american dream. Home is where the heart is. Cisneros develops this famous statement to depict what a home really represents. What is a home?Is it a house with four walls and a roof, the neighborhood of kids while growing up, or a unique Cleaver household where every thing is perfect and no problems get? According to Cisneros, we all have our own home with which we identify however, we cannot always go back to the environment we once considered our dwelling place. The home, which is characterized by who we are, and determined by how we view ourselves, is what makes every individual unique. A home is a personality, a depiction of who we are inside and how we grow through our life experiences. Mamacita is an example of this.She sits home all day and reminisces, she sings all the homesick songs about her country, home, home, home is a house on a photograph, a pink house. Her husbands evening goes and paints the walls of their apartment pink to ease her homesick a little moreover its not the same you know. She stiils sighs for her pink house in mexico. Or in Geraldo no last name a guy that no one knows. He died but no one cared because he was just some other brazer who didnt speak english, just another wet back. This is how alot of people think about immigrants in america. They are not good, they only come to discriminate real americans jobs.People dont understands that most latinos have family back home that they support with the little bit of money they make. His name is geraldo, and his home is in another country, the ones he left behind are far away will wonder, shrugh, remember, geraldo he went north and we never heard from him once again. Latino immigrants come here because this is the land of opportnity. Opportunities that alot of times their countries dont offer. This is why they try to make america there home as well. Something that sometimes is impossible but they have to do to live a better life.The american dream is what my parents came to this country to achieve. As latino immigrants they went through all these stuggles. The language barrier, the homesickness, and all the hardships that comes with access to america. I still hear the stories about them living in a tiny basement apartment when they came here, and how they hardly had money to eat, how they did all these sacrifices to make my life better. For my parents the american dream was to offer their kids a better life than they had. To make it easier for me to get an education. Something that I could not do in my country.This was their american dream. Something that I am proud to say they achieved. Although mango street does show all the stuggles that latinos go through it also shows something else, esperanza, meaning hope in spanish. Hope is what many people hold on to when they come to america. Hope that they will live better lives, hope that someday they will own their own home, hope that their children will get the education they deserve. Hope, something that esperanza has and is going to utilize it and her writing gifts to make her american dream come true.

People Should Not Persuade Others to Join Their Religion Essay

I agree with the statement People should not persuade separates to conjunction their religion because its the persons choice. Everyone has the right to choose what religion they want, or fatiguet want, based on their own reasons and feelings and no one should try and allure them into choosing one religion that they may not actually believe in but have been persuaded by others that it is the best religion to choose. Traditional Christian Missionaries would near likely disagree with what the statement says. They believe that they should go around spreading the gospel to persuade pack to colligation Christianity because it is a job that God wants them to do. They relieve oneself passages from the bible like John 14 No one can get to God except through Jesus, and John 314 Whoever believes in Jesus will not die but have eternal life, literally and use them to convince others that they have to join the Christian trust because it is the only if way they can truly be connected with God.I do not agree with this point of view because if they are following their trustfulness to the letter, consequently most religions teach that God will always be there for you even if you dont have a faith so you dont have to believe in Jesus to connect with God. However the fact that they have based what they believe in on the bible shows at least that they are trying to do what they believe is right and what God has told them and what they are supposed to do. Alternatively, modern missionaries might also agree with the statement because, sort of of trying to persuade mickle to join Christianity, they do good work and evangelise because they believe its what God wants them to do. They believe God does not extremity them to convince others to join Christianity but just to spread his word to everybody because they are all one in Jesus Christ no matter what their faith is and as long as they keep spreading the gospel rather than using it to encourage people to join their fait h they are doing what God wants and if people do convert to Christianity because of it then it has been their choice to do so.I think this is a much better view of what a missionary should do because it doer they can even spread the word of God to people who might need to know about it so it can help them and they can still do the good work that God wants them to but they are not trying to be bias to any religion and they do not hook on away anybodies right to choose the way that they feel or believe. Atheists do not believe in any religion or God which is wherefore some people may believe that they need to be persuaded to a become religious because theythink everyone needs to believe in God or a God and everyone needs to have a faith.However I dont think that atheists would want to have anybody trying to persuade them to join their faith because they do not think any God exists. They may also argue to people who say that everyone has to have a faith that their faith is that the y believe that the Wholly Other is not real. They would probably agree with the statement if people have chosen what they want to believe in then people should accept what they have chosen. Overall I agree with what the statement says because it is everyones human right to have a choice about everything they believe and other people trying to change that shouldnt happen.

Computer Engineering personal statement Essay

My interest in computers came at a fairly age when I got my first computer. At that time, only hardly a(prenominal) throng knew how to use it and no one had time to teach me, so I had to learn by my own. When I was sixteen, I got into building my own p.cs because of how overpriced everything was. Up to now I still build and repair several computers of friends, relatives and myself. Computers have been always been my hobby for me but now I pauperism to turn this into a professional and rewarding career. I believe that I have the personal skills and motivation to be successful in computer engineering. in any case I know that engineering is a discipline that will make a tangible difference in the world and Im sure I will enjoy the opportunity to fully reach this potential. I hope to be able to develop new technologies and solutions which would benefit both the people and the planet.At college where I studied my OLevel ZGCE I achieved very good grades in all my subjects, which provi ded a real boost to my confidence levels. I also excelled at sport related activities in the field. I was a member of a football and cricket teams. I found sport to be perfect way to stay fit and keep healthy. My goal is to attain a career where I can express my talent and passion for computers as well as open my mind in ways that I could never do in any field. I am excited roughly starting the training for career which I have chosen at your institution. I hope my enthusiasm and dedication will be an asset to this profession. I have found that your institution has just the programs Im looking for and just what I need to be successful at my goals.

Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, on July 4, 1804. His parents were Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Elizabeth Clark Manning. His father dies of yellow fever when he was four years old. He then(prenominal) grew up in the manning household with his grandparents, uncles, and aunts. Nathaniel Hawthorne was fond of taking long walks by himself and reading excessively. He studied Shakespeare, Pope, Milton, and Thompson. He went on adventures while he took these long walks and he wrote about his adventures, this is how his writing skills developed. When Nathaniel Hawthorne turned 15 he moved to Maine with his uncle and later attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick. While in college he did poorly in just about classes accept his literary classes, in which he excelled. He graduate 3 years later. While in college He became friends with Henry W. Longfellow, Franklin Pierce, and Henry D. Thoreau. After college he returned to Salem, Massachusetts and resided in the manning household . He then withdrew from society. H followed the same schedule everyday.He studied in the morning, took long walks in the afternoon, and then wrote in the evening. In 1828 he publish his first book anonymously, Fanshawe. He later then destroyed all copies and was non proud of it. His first publication that was a success was The Token, and Peter Parley. In 1830 he served as an editor for a number of publications. He similarly began to write childrens books. He then took a argumentation in a custom house. In 1840 he left his job keen that he would soon be fired due to the outcome of the election going on during that time. He married Sophia Amelia Peabody. In 1844 he had his first daughter. He then returned to Salem due to financial pressures. Him losing his job turned out to be a blessing as he had the time to write close to of his best works. Such as The Scarlet Letter, The House of Seven Gables, and The Birthdale Romance. In 1860, he promulgated The Marble Faun, our old home, and later went on a tour with Franklin Pierce because Pierce was running for president.Nathaniel Hawthorne lived in an important time utmost. In 1820-1830, Nathaniel Hawthorne was about 16-26 years old. During that time the Erie canal made new York the imperium state, too during that time period Andrew Jacksons inaugural party wrecked the white house. In 1830-1840 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was about 26-36 years old. During that time Andrew Jackson beat up the man who tried to kill him, also during that time Charles Darwin visits the Galapagos Island, and the idea of natural selection and survival of thefittest is introduced to the world. During 1840-1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne was 36-46 years old. The gold fever struck atomic number 20 and people were greedy and ambitious. Also during that time in 1852 Franklin pierce was elected president. Nathaniel Hawthorne helped Pierce with the campaigns for the election. During 1850-1870 Nathaniel Hawthorne was 46 and he died and in 1864 he d ied.During that time compromises over slavery delayed the civil war, and then later the coupled States was torn over the civil war. Nathaniel Hawthorne accomplished a multitude of things during his lifetime and at a untested age as well, but in his early years when he was four his father died. Nathaniel Hawthorne was the just boy but had two other sisters. His early years were spent in Salem, Massachusetts. When he graduated from Bowdoin college he went on summer tours through the northeast. He in 1839 he took a job in a custom house in Boston, and served as an editor for a number of publications. He also started out his writing career, writing childrens books. However in 1840, he resigned knowing he would be fired. In 1842 he married Sophia Amelia Peabody, and in 1844 his first daughter was born. A few years later, financial pressures forced him to return to Salem with his family. He then became a surveyor of the port of Salem.In the early 1850s he lived in red house in Lennox a nd made a friendship with Novelist, Herman Melville. In 1853-1858 Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote a campaign biography for Franklin Pierce, he was later rewarded with united states consulship at Liverpool. Since the civil war was going on during that time he wrote articled about the civil war and his last years he conjugate an experimental brook farm community filled with transcendentalist. He then went to Europe and spent sevener years there before he died of a brain tumor in his sleep. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a unique(p) writer and had a unique writing style heoften wrote about the daily life and community and puritan destruction. Although he was a puritan he was non the typical puritan writer and wrote from a incompatible perspective about the puritan life. His nearly The novel The Scarlet Letter is perhaps one of the most widely-read and most representative of many of the themes in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. off from the fact that it is set during the Puritan period in Am erican history, it deals with many subjects other works, most notably his famous short story The parsons Black Veil, approachthe theme of sin, especially secret sin. Hawthorne was fascinated with the idea of sin and penalization andthis theme is expressed overtly in The Scarlet Letter by the wearing of the embroidered letter itself and covertly through many of the minor characters such as Roger Chillingworth are literally eaten away by sin. desire Esthers lover the preacher in The Scarlet Letter who is troubled by secret sin, so too is the minister in the short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Ministers Black Veil. Aside from using the allegory form to tell moral tales, it is important to note that the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne are not at all simple mortality tales with a religious purpose.Hawthorne was writing during the Romanticism movement and he also seeks to explore themes of nature and humankind as well as to push the limits of human vagary and creativity. One mark of this style is the use of the supernatural, which certainly occurs in nearly every tale by Nathaniel Hawthorne, although to different extents. Novels such as, The House of the Seven Gables. Nathaniel Hawthornes contribution to American literature can be taken literally or simply his introduction of a new writing style and a different view on puritan ways. In 1824 he published Fanshawe anonymously, and leter that year he published the token and peter parley.In 1832 he published young goodman brown Roger malvins burial and My Kinsman major malineuxa womens tale The hollow of the three hills. In 1835 he published anthencieum. In 1837 he published, twice told tales American Magazine of useful and entertaining knowledge. In 1841 he published grandfathers chains* and the next year he publisheddemocratic review and his most famous work was published in 1845

Arendt-Theory of Totalitarianism Essay

Hannah Arendt is widely regarded as ace of the most eventful, unique and influential thinkers of establishmental philosophical system in the Twentieth century. Arendt was greatly influenced by her mentor and one age lover, Martin Heidegger, whose phenomeno formal method would help to greatly shape and frame Arendts own thinking. Like Heidegger, Arendt was sceptical of the metaphysical tradition which tended towards abstract conceptual reasoning ultimately at odds with the reality of valet lived experience.Consequently, Arendt was super dubious of being referred to as a philosopher, as she felt philosophy was, by its own essence, confined to the proverbial ivory tower. She believed semi semipolitical life was at the apex of human experience and so she identified as a political thinker/actor. Her emphasis on the phenomenological nature of the lived political experience permeates her lifes works and by chance evict be said to constitute her own distinct brand of political ph ilosophy.Arendts azoic unrestrictedation, political orientation & apprehension A Novel Form of Government, is a profound elucidation of the nature of the theretofore unprecedented (she argues) phenomenon of undemocraticism and its origins elements and procedure A Novel Form of Government Arendt posited that the totalitarian forms of political science and subordination (Arendt. 03) which characterised the Nationalist Socialist fellowship in Germany and Stalins oppressive regime in Soviet Russia, which apothegm systematic genocide and terror visited upon liter each(prenominal)y millions of innocent mint, were unprecedented in the tale of political systems, and were non mere modern manifestations of ancient forms of violent government such as despotism or tyranny. She went get on even, to suggest that totalitarian systems had destroyed the very foundations upon which traditional ideas and presuppositions of government rested.Although totalitarianism seemed to contain elem ents of tyrannical or despotic forms of government i. e. terror, violence, absolute power etc Arendt contended that totalitarian regimes dissented in important ways which recorded them qualitatively distinct. totalitarianism and dictatorships, she argues are marked by Arbitrary power, unrestricted by legal philosophy, yielded in the interest of the normal and aggressive to the interests of the governed, on one hand, fear as the principle of action, namely fear of the people by the ruler and fear of the ruler by the eople (Arendt. 306) Terror, according to Arendt, has traditionally been used as a office to an end, or tool for tyrannical regimes, namely the end of maintaining and sustaining a position of power over its subjects. totalistic systems however, do not ferment in this way, ideologically at least, According to Arendt. total terror leaves no peremptory lawlessness behind it and does not rage for the pursuit of just about arbitrary will or for the sake of despotic p ower of one man against all. (Arendt. 311) Context and ContentIn order to understand the nature (if there is one) of undemocraticism forms of government, it is important first to understand both their historical contexts and the Ideologies which underpin them, as Totalitarian regimes, are by their nature ideological, as Arendt shows. Take for example National Socialism, the political ideology which took alkali in Germany during the 1930s, characterised by militant nationalism and overtly inborn racism. The context in which the Nazi party rose to prominence was the extreme devastation, debt and resulting poverty and hunger left in Germany in the wake of the startle World War.It can indeed be argued that Adolph Hitlers demagoguery and flair for rousing public bounty with his intense speeches, was also crucial to the widespread proliferation, acceptance and support for Nazi ideology, at a time when people yearned for a clear solution to their plight and poverty. Hitlers bellicose rhetoric displayed a typical trait of ideologies a final solution, the idea that the answer to all of lifes problems can be understood and solved by pursuance a particular stringent course of action persistent by a single unambiguous worldview. Ideologies-isms, which to the satisfaction of their adherents can explain everything and every occurrence by deducing it from a single premise (Arendt. 315) Nazi Ideology had at its core, a politically and indeed racially motivated perversion of the Darwinian concept of a natural hierarchy of species, in which the stronger/more booming species would inevitably replace the weaker ones.Darwins profound insight into the ways in which organisms evolve was warped and ill-shapen by the Nazis, who filtered it through their racist and nationalist worldview, explaining the extermination of Jews and other supposed knock off races by claiming they were following and indeed implementing a Law of record. In Darwin, Arendt explains, the Nazi party had found what they saw as an uncompromising indwelling Law, the very source from which positive (man do) laws had been traditionally derived. far from being lawless, it goes to the sources of authority from which positive laws received their ultimate legitimation (Arendt. 307) Arendt argues that this Law of temperament was taken to be a suprahuman edict which was used justify their campaign of terror and genocide, and furthermore usurp any positive laws which were counter-productive to their cause. Nature itself mandated the extermination of lesser degenerate races according to Nazi ideology. And so the carrying out and indeed hastening of the process of this Natural decree was the end which the Totalitarian regimes sough to effect.In fact, Totalitarian ideology sought for the actual societal embodiment of these supposed Laws of history and nature, and asserted that by the strict implantation and of these laws, a utopia on Earth would be realised. the Law of Nature or the law of chronicle, if properly executed, is expected to produce mankind as its end product (Arendt. 307) Arendt is highly critical of this thinking which she describes as particular to Totalitarian government. One of the most obvious critiques which she makes is the masterful overlook in this line of thinking for basic anthropological concerns i. e. ow humans actually tend to behave and function.It applies the law directly to mankind without bothering with the behaviour of men Totalitarian policy claims to transform the human species into an active eternal carrier of a law to which human beings otherwise would only passively and reluctantly be subjected (Arendt. 307) Terror as the essence of Totalitarian rule Built into the notion of executing the Laws of nature and history is an inherent eschewing of the legitimacy, importance and even relevance of manmade or positive laws, which are intended to govern and ease the functioning of societies in which people participate.The defence me chanism of positive laws and their replacement with the bringing into effect, a Law of Nature or indeed a Law of History as per Totalitarian ideology, is, Arendt argues largely what separates Totalitarian regimes from despotism and tyranny. Because they force their justification from the very source of all positive laws i. e. Natural law, Totalitarian regimes were able to substantiate this denial of the legitimacy of positive laws by claiming that in aiming to produce the perfect rule of Natural Law on earth, that mankind itself would become the very embodiment of the law (Arendt. 08) By claiming to actualise and bring into effect perfect laws which determine the inevitable course of history by establishing the perfect rule of Natural law on earth through use of terror, Totalitarian regimes subvert at the same time traditional notions of government and also notions of the utility of terror.Terror was no longer merely an arbitrary tool of oppression, (although it was of course the methodological analysis with which the terrible ideology of Totalitarianism was realised) Terror was itself the embodied form which submission to the supposed Law of Nature took, or as Arendt puts it Terror as the execution of a law of movement Arendt. 311) Terror was in fact now the end goal itself as such Terror is indeed Totalitarianisms essence. Arendt uses a good analogy to illustrate this point. the absence of crimes in any society does not render laws superfluous moreover, on the contrary, signifies their most perfect rule-so terror in totalitarian government has ceased to be a mere means for the suppression of opposition, though it is also used for such purposes. Terror becomes total when it becomes fencesitter of all opposition it rules supreme when nobody any longer stands in its way.If lawfulness is the essence of non-tyrannical government and lawlessness is the essence of tyranny, then terror is the essence totalitarian domination Dangerous Ideology What made Nazism an d Stalinism so dangerous, according to Arendt, were not merely the ideas which characterised their respective ideologies i. e. racism and dialectical materialism, but the logic which one could arguably follow from these types of thinking. If Ideologies are the logic of ideas, (which they are ) then it is the seemingly logical implications of these ideas, which made them dangerous.To put it simply, if one concludes that there are suprahuman forces which determine the very course of history, as espoused by Nazism and Stalinism, then one must be bound to follow the logical steps which go away from this idea. Whoever agreed that there are such things as dying classes and did not draw the consequence of violent death their members, or that the right to live had something to do with race and did not draw the consequence of killing speculative races, was plainly either stupid or a coward. (Arendt. 318)The dangers of commitment to the logic of ideas bviously are determined by the extremi ty of the ideas themselves, however as Arendt rightly points out, it is this ice cold reasoning which both Hitler and Stalin were very partial(p) of which gave their ideologies a trajectory of power and an pseudo-scientific guise which legitimated them. Rather than a principle of action aimed at some common good or societal benefit such as the prevention of crime, this logicality of ideological thinking (Arendt. 321) is what makes Totalitarian government tick. Isolation, The Phenomenology of Terror As we have seen, terror is the essence of Totalitarianism.But it is important to realise exactly what this means for the experiencing subject of Totalitarian rule. Terror, Arendt explains, destroys the business leader to engage in any public life. Isolation is the most salient feature of terror. Terror wrought isolation has been used throughout the centuries by tyrannical rulers to inhibit political agency and thus destroy the possibility of revolt terror can rule absolutely only over m en who are isolated against each other and that, therefore, one of the primitive concerns of all tyrannical government is to bring isolation aboutIsolation and impotence, that is the fundamental inability to act at all, have always been characteristic of tyrannies. (Arendt. 321-322) The final way in which Totalitarian governments differ from those regimes of tyranny, which have also employed terror as a tactic, is for Arendt, the destruction by terror of the tete-a-tete sphere of human life. Total terror, as it were, is not content with merely destroying the public life of people and their ability to interact. Total terror permeates the mind and destroys the faculties of creativity and mental autonomy.Totalitarianism seeks to destroy the entire ability for people to create something new and bring it into the world. While it obviously needs to destroy the ability of political life, it also enforces utter personal isolation (loneliness) on the mind of the individual, so that he or she has no outlet vent and indeed no ability to form ideas of their own. In isolation, man cadaver in contact with the world as the human artifice only when the most elementary forms of human creativity, which is the competency to add something of ones own to the common world, are destroyed, isolation becomes altogether unbearableTotalitarian government, like all tyrannies, certainly could not exist without destroying the public realm of life, that is, without destroying, by isolating men, their political capacities but totalitarian domination as a form of government is new in that it is not content with this isolation and destroys private life as well. It bases itself on loneliness, on the experience of not belong to the world at all, which is among the most radical and desperate experiences of man. (Arendt. 24) The phenomenological and anthropological implications of this total terror are for Arendt the complete breakdown of the human actor.She argues that humans are essential ly social beings who need social interaction to function and live as we are hardwired to do so our complete sense of who we are and what our world means ultimately derives from our experience of interacting with others. For the confirmation of my identity I depend entirely upon other people (Arendt. 324)In conclusion I think it may be prudent to summarise the central elucidations which Arendt makes in Ideology and Terror. . Totalitarian governments were unprecedented governmental forms before the early 20th century. 2. Totalitarian governments are ideological in nature and functioning, and derive their justifications from suprahuman Laws of Nature and History and implement the logic of these ideas through use of terror. 3. Terror is the primary tool and also the essence of Totalitarian governments, i. e. Total terror becomes the actual embodied form of the Laws of History and nature made manifest 4.Totalitarian governments destroy the ability to act politically as all tyrannies do, but also they destroy the realm of private life as well, rendering human instauration a miserable one in attempting to make each person the actual embodiment of Natural and Historical Laws Arendts masterful work has shed light on one of the darkest periods in human history and it also lends insight into the nature of government, society and the human subject more broadly speaking. She remains a seminal figure in the discipline of political philosophy and continues to inspire thought and upset to this day.

‘I Am Not That Woman’ by ‘Kishwar Naheed’ and ‘The Bridegroom’ by Liz Lochead Essay

The deuce songs I will be comparing and contrasting the two poems called I Am non That adult female by Kishwar Naheed and The groom by Liz Lochead. I will be comparing the base of operationss employ and the poetic devices with the similarities and differences both writers use in these similar but non so similar poems. both these poems have been create verbally in the 21st century which are new but they confabulation astir(predicate) customs and traditions which are dated very old.In The ostler Liz Lochead writes in a traditional humorous style. She talks about her wedding and how it should be laid out. She describes the perfect bridegroom thats fit for her. She thinks that the bridegroom spoils the look in the wedding but aft(prenominal) the matrimony it he is the most important thing for the woman.In I Am Not That womanhood Kishwar Naheed looks at a more cultural and serious issue on the poem. She writes a much longer poem and has a set pattern/ structure all passim the verses.She talks about her recent and how she was used into thinking that her husband loved her and how suddenly she got bounded run into by the weight of custom and traditions. Her chastity, her motherhood, her committedness was bought and sold like a product in the market. Kishwar Naheed uses the by tense to write her poem so it shows that she was talking about the past as if it just happened a while ago.Thither are a lot of similarities between I Am Not That Woman and The Bridegroom the two traditional and cultural themes which have been used. Both the writers Kishwar Naheed and Liz Lochead are females so the impression you exact in both the poems is that the man in not the important person and the poem is slightly biased. When they talk about their husbands in both poems they criticise them a lot.The Bridegroom is a necessary accessory if a great deal irrelevant from The Bridegroom and I am the one you crushed with the weight of customs and traditions from I Am Not Tha t Woman. They criticise their husbands because in both poems it seem that the man had the control over the women and he is the dominant one. chromatography column over her in her naughtyest high heels from The Bridegroom. This infers that the woman is the victim and is treated poorly you picked flowers and planted thorns in The Bridegroom.Both the women in the poems speak out for themselves in defence for what is spillage on. Kishwar Naheed uses not knowing that I can walk on water when I am drowning. This is an oxymoron which is used at the end of the verse showing she is defending and is also speaking out for herself. -the brides the star she says as if the husband does not matter because she says the bridegroom always take over the wedding in The Bridegroom.Both Liz Lochead and Kishwar Naheed use the poetic devices metaphors and similes to describe things. The writers use of objects and nature makes you picture the context very well. The Bridegroom a chomp of a white eleph ant is a metaphor in The Bridegroom meaning the bridegroom is an expensive burden at the marriage and in I Am Not That Woman uses similes to describe how her husband roamed impeccant as the breeze.They both use repetition and head rhyme to make the poem even more interesting not dull. In The Bridegroom she uses tall and highest high heels to emphasise the meaning of things. In I Am Not That Woman she uses flower free and I am not that woman selling you socks and shoes as repetition through out the poem.Both Liz Locked and Kishwar Naheed use objects and nature to describe things in similes, alliteration, metaphors, repetition and rhyme. Liz Locked uses more than a penny stick of liquorice to show that the bridegroom is not worth anything. Here she uses a metaphor. Kishwar Naheed you hid in your walls of stone while you roamed as free as the breeze smo in that respectd by stone. Here she uses alliteration. She means that the man is free whilst he has confined her from the outside world.When is comes to the end of both the poems they are both outspoken and end with an ecphonesis mark () to show their feelings. Liz Locked uses dont forget is ha another matter and Kishwar Naheed uses No, No, I am not that woman.There are many differences in these two poems firstly the main theme looks at marriages at two different angles. The Bridegroom looks at a more hysterical and untrusting side to Marriage which is more positive. This is shown by her saying to her sixpence worth of candy floss I Am Not That Woman looks at a more sober and emotional side to marriage which is negative which is shown to us by her saying whom you bought and sold of my own chastityBecause the poem I Am Not That Woman has been translated from Urdu so there is no rhyme where as in The Bridegroom there is lots of rhyme but that rhyme does not have a pattern eg ABAB but sooner it had been placed anywhere thought the poem. This has a rhyme pattern because it has been written in English and not in any other language.Liz Locked writes in a formal style throughout most of the poem He should, at the risk of being banal but at the end she writes in everyday language the role of the bridegroom as they scatter the confettis and Kishwar Naheed keeps her writing formal all the judgment of conviction I am not that woman selling you socks and shoes.In The Bridegroom Liz Locked writes her poem so it is set out on the day of the wedding because it says The Bridegroom is a necessary accessory- a bit of a white elephant after the event. where as in I Am Not That Woman it is after the wedding but we do not know how long it has been. I am the woman you marital offLiz Locked uses a whole range of poetic devices, more that Kishwar Naheed uses. This makes The Bridegroom seem more rich and funny. He should be tall, but not too tall- the ideals tall enough tower over her in her highest high heels, here there lots of use of alliteration and repetition. I Am Not That Woman uses that I can walk on water when I am drowning here she cleverly uses an oxymoron to show that even though she is in trouble in a operose particular she still has her head up high and will not let her down.In I Am Not That Woman she gets treated like an outcast I am the commodity you traded in, my chastity, my mother hood, my loyalty where as in The Bridegroom, she doesnt get treated like an outcast - the brides the starIn my opinion I think that I liked The Bridegroom better because the way Liz Locked writes her poem. It is very amuse and it makes a marriage sound like a joke.Kishwar Naheeds poem was also good which make me see the more serious side to traditional marriages in an Asian background. This poem was more difficult to understand because there were many ways you could put the poem. She could have been talking about her past because it uses the past tense whom you or you could adapt it as she is saying it in the present tense where she has just been marital and thrown out of her house on to the streets The woman on that poster, half- naked, selling socks and shoes- No, no, I am not that woman Overall I think that she is talking about her long gone past and that she is a beggar woman at the present time. She doesnt want to tell anyone because she is too ashamed of herself and keeps on saying I am not that woman selling you socks and shoes which again uses repetition.