Reservation to Resurgence-Contemporary Context Essay

Reservation to Resurgence-Contemporary Context - Essay Example Upon establishment of the USA, the ruling political class agreed to civilize the Native Americans, voluntarily or through force, to enhance their assimilation as citizens of the USA (Treuer 44). At the beginning of the 20th century, there were an estimated 250,000 Native Americans; this represented 0.3% of the total USA population. They lived in reservations where they experienced minimal level of self government. During the 19th century, they were deprived a huge portion of their land through succession of treaties, which the white authorities mostly ignored, and also through the military actions of the USA as it increased control in the American west. In 1831 John Marshall, who was the Chief Justice, tried to define the status of the Native Americans. He illustrated the Indian Tribes as Domestic Dependant Nations. Marshall recognized the uniqueness of the American Indians because they are both independent nations and part of the USA (Edward 23). As from 1887 to 1933, the federal policy enhances the assimilation of the Native Indians into the mainstream society of the USA. This policy was explained in the Dawes Act of 1887. The act decreed that the Indian Reservation land should be divided into plots, and given to each Native American. This policy was enhance by the Supreme Court decision in 1903 (Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock) that Congress can dispose Indian Land without obtaining consent form the Indians involved (Francis 12). The Citizenships Act in 1924 gave US citizenships to Native Americans; this was seen as a success of the policy on assimilation. The current legal status in the USA recognizes 562 tribal governments. The federally recognized tribal governments have the right of establishing their governments, enforce laws within their jurisdictions, create tax policies, formulate membership criteria, license activities like business, exclude and include persons in their territories

Turkish Woman Essay Example for Free

Turkish Woman Essay Being able to assist a person when in need is one of the most satisfying psychological experiences a person goes through. Human beings have a social aspect in nature which makes them want to correlate with others especially those with whom one can easily relate with because of some similar characters such as culture, class, religion and class. At the same time a being for a foreign in another country is very challenging and calls for high tolerance and perseverance of the foreigner. When a person is a foreign in another a country he/she may face hardships in terms of discrimination, legal policies, language barrier, social and economic disparities and other issues what will came about. Thus, it becomes as a welcomed relief if such an individual gets a fellow country man or woman to assist him/her to settle in the foreign land. The Turkish woman As pertaining to why the Turkish woman already in America will want to assist fellow Turkish people coming to America, there will be several reasons to explain this, are personal, social and political. Below are some of the reasons that try to explain why the Turkish woman is helping others; Alienation: This normally occurs in new Turkish people due to the assimilation difficulties that they will experience in their America as they struggle to adapt to the new country. This leads to the alienating of the new Turkish people from their culture stimulating the identity crisis within their societies. This alienation can lead social isolation that might also lead to depression through stress anger and fatigue which normally happen to detract the new Turkish people from settling in America. This case of alienation has been shown to have taken a large proportion of the new Turkish members of the society who are classified as foreigners. Thus, that is why the Turkish woman is assisting fellow Turkish people to settle and find jobs in America. Psychological Insinuation: Another reason as to why the woman is helping other Turkish people to settle in America is because of psychological insinuation. Racial disparity is said to be having psychological implication on new Turkish people coming in the American society since the Turkish are forced to participate in a particular culture in America, especially in institution such as schools and companies. This is so because; it forces them to alter to their home cultures. Through this, the new Turkish people will face a variety of conflicts giving rise to a psychological and identity problem. It is true that coming to a new country, particularly in America will highly challenge the individual. There is an increased need for a foreigner to be assisted in a new country so that he/she is able to undergo as minimal psychological insinuation. Therefore, the Turkish woman is assisting these people to able to reduce their psychological insinuation that they may go through. Avoid discrimination It is said that discrimination in any place has a diversified effects on the people being discriminated about, which normally differ with the presence of many factors including those of self attitudes and the cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. These factors target those people who are viewed as foreigners whereby a negative impact is brought, i. e. when a community fails to address the needs of its new members. This may be done when the community is formulating it’s polices that include the exclusion of minority/foreign cultures and languages which proves to lack relevance to the community. This in turn make foreigners to loose hope whereby they fail to settle and some of them may give up and opt to go their home country such issues lead to increase in difficulties for the new turkey arrival in America. However, if there are assisted by someone whom they know they easily overcome such issues. Same religious beliefs The other reason as to why culture forms a central core of the Turkish woman to help fellow Turkish people is that of religion. Religion is a system of shared beliefs and rituals concerned with the sphere of the sacred or the supernatural and it usually affects the way of living especially in another country. According to latest research ethical systems consists of moral principles that are used to shape and guide behavior and thus affects personal activities. With diversity of religion systems it becomes difficult for other people to settle successfully in another country because of the differences that are involved between religions. For example, Islam religion is viewed as with radical principles in the eyes of many western countries and many Muslims are treated with suspicion. More so in America many Muslims are being associated with terrorism activities Thus, it becomes very hard for a Turkish Muslim to get a job in America as many companies shun away from employing such people. Thus the reason why the woman is helping other fellow Turkish is because she understands their religious beliefs. What motivates the woman to do this job? Social responsibility It has been observed that human being have a social responsibility of assisting each other whenever possible. In such a case where one has already settled in a foreign land, and other countrymen come by, it becomes a social responsibility to assist them. Bearing in mind that that Turkish woman is working a certain organization, she has better information about the legal working of the American system, the social welfare system, and where job opportunities can be found. At the same time the woman has knows where civil rights movements and other social bodies can be found, which can assisted the new Turkish people who are coming in to America. Thus, this is another reason why the woman is assisting other Turkish people. Gaining political mileage Another reason why the woman is helping others may be because she wants to gain political mileage among fellow countrymen, since they will feel indebted to her inn future. At the same time she will have an upper hand in the Turkish society in America and this can help her to advance her ideology among her people. Having political advantage comes with some political powers and benefits within the society. The woman thus, by the virtual of assisting others will have some powers that she will use in promoting the Turkish people interests in America. At the same time helping others will be easily settle in America and get jobs or schools will put them in a higher economic and social status. This will help them have economic powers that can be used to assist other either in America or back home. Conclusion Helping others is an important aspect in for an individual, it is more important when it comes to foreigners being assisted in other country. The reasons why a person helps others are varied and are both personal and social and can also be political. Discrimination, language barrier, religion, social and economic disparities among the natives and the foreigners are the major challenges that a person will encounter in a foreign land. For the Turkish woman, she helps others because of varied reasons that include among others avoidance of discrimination and legal understanding of the American system.

Pizza Hut Data analysis

Pizza Hut Data analysis Introduction Earlier chapters have set the stage for carrying out of this research. This chapter builds on the previous ones by reporting the results of the data analysis. The primary data collected through interviews and questionnaire is presented in graphs along with analysis and findings. From these analysis researchers will be able to proceed towards conclusion and recommendation. Qualitative Data analysis This part of chapter will analyse the interviews conducted with pizza hut management. Strategy Importance To find out and analyse strategy planning and its importance researcher asked questions from Pizza hut management ‘What was the strategic planning behind ERP (MICROS)’ and ‘What were the main objectives behind ERP (MICROS), and Is Pizza hut as an organisation able to achieve those objectives?’. In reply to these questions Operational support manager replied. Strategic plan behind ERP system was to be a market leader in fast food market and to provide excellent customer service through ERP implementation. According to Operational support manager and area managers of pizza hut the objectives behind ERP were to run the business more efficiently, better product quality and customer service, enhanced financial procedures through real time figures and effective marketing through customer information. (Hammer champy, 1993) presented theory of business process reengineering, in their theory they explained that very basic rethinking and essential reforming of business processes to obtain remarkable improvements in current performance is called business process reengineering. Hammer further described information technology is the important factor to help BPR. Pizza hut management identified ERP systems are very expensive to install. The hard work not only finished after installation but organisation have to do more to manage them. So to do all this Pizza hut needed a firm strong strategy. According to (Porter, 1996) simply we have no idea what is strategy and how we can build a good strong strategy. But on the other hand Whittington and Mintzberg helped to give the tools for strategy making. Pizza hut operational support managers answer showed that pizza hut strategy is pre-planned where as an organisation pizza hut management consider not only to install ERP but they also had looked after installation phase and ERP management. Beside this some particular objectives demands for a strong and firm strategy. (Bendoly, 2005) Informed that every time organisations handling ERP projects they should have corporate level strategy for ERP. Unlike Mintzberg emergent school of thought where he highlighted that in organisation normally people don’t know about strategy and certain procedure developed into strategy. (Robert Norton, 2008) made intereting point he said both strategy and opertional approachs helps to minimize risk and manage risk. Operational manager, area manager and store managers all are agree that the basic strategy is growth in sale like earliar Operational support manager said the strategy planning behind ERP was to get maximum share in fast food market and customer service through ERP. (Porter and Millar, 1985) explained corporate level strategy means to make entire organisatin ready for growth and information systems plays vital role in this process that is why ERP are very critical for competitive advantage. According to pizza hut management they are able to achieve their target and as an organisation they are growing. Area manager revleas that pizza hut in 2007 sold 35.4 million pizzas in the UK and pizza hut serve over 97,000 pizzas and 171,000 customers a day at pizza hut UK. Overall sale of Pizza hut is more than  £600 million after installing MICROS. Cheshunt store manager informed that the customer complaints are dropped to 2 to 4 complaints per quarter where before MICROS figures were 10 to 12. Reseacher also tried to find out the challenges faced by pizza hut management. So the main purpose of this question was to findout the difficulties and challenges faced by pizza hut management during implementation. ‘What problems did you encounter during implementation’. In reply to this question operations support manager said, although they had pre plans for ERP(MICROS) still they faced lots of challenges and problems. The first big challenge was cost, MICROS entire package was very expensive to buy and implement. After installing MICROS the second biggest challenage was to change employees mind set and organisation culture. (Bendoly, 2005) made interesting points in ERP implementation, he explained after installation most of the time emplyoee do not have believe on information which ERP system provide. Employees do not have importance of information, that how important it is to put accurate information into the system. Bendloy argued employee play important role in successful implementation. Pizza hut area managers also explained that to over come employees behaviour and to tell them how important it is to put accurate information for better analysis and knowledge pizza hut ran a dominanting training program. Which helped to overcome this problem. Store managers agrees that the training imporved employees performance and staff start to take proper phone no, customer information and order information and support managers start performing daily check according to the procedures. (Kling Iacono, 1984) argued that introduction of technology to organisation often produces opportunities for managers to change the way they control workers. Cheshunt store manager told in start the MICROS help desk was not helpful enough. (Kalling, 2003) also pointed out ERP systems are more than installing software programs. He clarified ERP system implementation trigger change in entire organisation. So managers have to think differently to manage change. He further argued that ERP and business process re engineering is linked with each other. Southgate store manager responded it was not easy to manage change in store. It is difficult to change employees mind set and to convience them on new procedures. Training plays important role but it is time taking process. (Frenzel, 1992) also identified that change management is not a easy process. It is a big challenge in management area. Reseacher found Strategy making plays important role in organisation growth. It helps to estimate risk and to look forward in future. ERP plays important role to achieve strategy objectives by improving organisation efficency and customer knowledge. ERP implementation is not only software implementations but it triggers change in organisation.Proper planning and strategy to manage change helps to overcome different change problems. Impact on operations Researcher asked this question from pizza hut management to find out ERP impact on organisation operations and this also was core question of interview. ‘What is the impact of ERP (MICROS) on operation management after implementation?’ In respond to this question Operation support manager explained after implementing MICROS pizza hut communication is improved via intranet and managers are able to have real time figures in quick time. This helps them to improve speed, decision making process, quality of product and customer service. After installing ERP (MICROS) pizza hut is able to store customer information. Operation support manager explained about new term in pizza hut â€Å"Every second counts† thanks to MICROS. (Mintzberg, 1991) also speak in favour of this according to him the most important thing in these days an organisation can have is its knowledge. Organisations always keep moving from one direction to another for better efficiency and innovation. North Area manager identified MICROS helps to forecast for future in the light of customer’s previous order behaviour. MICROS took last 6 weeks sales and customer pattern to provide forecast with such a detail where managers can find out peak and off peak times even on hourly basis. It help managers to improve scheduling, cost of sales. (Mata, Fuerst, barney, 1995) illustrated that resource base theory demands organisation I.T resources should have broad scope in organisation departments. Area manager descried through MICROS pizza hut management is able to control on waste. Because intelligent forecasting allow managers to prepare according to demand this helps to cut cost of sales. Southgate store manager further explained that scheduling is more accurate this leads towards better cost of labour. According to pizza hut area manger MICROS assist to have â€Å"Right people at right place†. By cutting cost of sales and cost of labour through efficient procedures we are a ble to maximize profit. (Porter, 1996) defines operational efficiency as performing organisational functions better than competitors. He further explained operational efficiency leads towards low cost. South gate store managers answer was continuation of porter theory. He also identified MICROS help to give under 3, under 14, under 30 figures which help managers to check the order processing at different levels so they can find out the problem area. Grays store manager revealed that after implementation they have better pre-prep plan. This saves time and increase speed. Customers get better product and service. (Deming, 1986) presented a system where he said to improve quality (Plan, do, check, act). He believes by following this sequence we can improve quality. Operational support manager Operational support manager identified the big step towards online ordering system MICROS]offer pizza hut customers online ordering facility. It is major achievements to enhance customer service, bring accuracy and speed in order processing. (Jashapara, 2004) pointed out that organisations prime objective is to give products and services which can fulfil customers changing demands. Questionnaire figures make Jashapara point more valid where most of the customers like to place order online. Cheshunt store manager told online ordering system save time and cost of labour. When customer order through online it save order taking time and help to cut hours which used to take order on phone. One of Pizza hut Area manager explained since pizza hut introduced online order service pizza hut‘s North area is saving round 2 % labour per week. (Porter, 1985) argued that organisation willing to achieve competitive advantage needs to create value chain. Value chain refers to increase in margin. In order to achieve this margin all the resources of organisation have to perform. Primary data shows that most of the customers like ordering online due to many reasons such as online ordering system allow them to order more accuratly, provide more information about required product and delivery speed is fast. Primary data shows that most of the customers like ordering online due to many reasons such as online ordering system allow them to order more accuratly, provide more information about required product and delivery speed is fast. Researcher found ERP systems have a huge impact on operational management. ERP systems help to make operations efficient and effective. ERP systems help to cut cost and to maximize profit. At the same time assists to improve customer service directly and indirectly. Impact on Decision Making This question was asked from pizza hut management to find out impact of ERP (MICROS) on decision making and what they do different now. ‘Do you think Pizza hut’s over all decision making ability is improved’. In respond to this question all the managers were agreed and their answer was positive. Operation support manager tells MICROS produce real time figures which mean we can see even 10 sec progress from different point of views. This precise information allows managers to act fast, analyse to make accurate and efficient decisions. Communications between different managers are easy and secure. (Liebowitz, 2000) pointed out that in knowledge management major problem is distribution and organising of knowledge. He further explained data mining tool helpful to overcome this problem. Area manager explained managers can reschedule the staff according to business need. If the sale is low and nothing happening manager can check on MICROS how many team member required and can adjust according to that information. (Bacij, Chaffey, Greasley, 2002) explained that organisations want to work effectively their all the activities must be arranged and monitored by managers according to well informed decisions. Operation manager explained MICROS helped to sort delivery area decision making process through drive time reports. These drive time reports provide time to grid delivery area. (senge, 2006) thinks differently and he argued that a person can have a more information because of technical advancement but it create no difference if the person have not appropriate skills to relate this specific information in a functional way. Marketing decision making is improved because of customer order records. Profit and loss accounts are available online. Overall financial decision making is improved. (Howard Dresner, 1989) first time introduced the thought of business intelligence. He explained it as a set of thoughts and methodologies arranged to enhance decision-making in business through the use of information and information-based systems. Store managers were agree that decision making is improved through MICROS. They can have a look on different reports. Decisions about ordering stock are improved. (Davenport Prusak, 1998) thinks oppositely according to them two third of managers information and knowledge came from face to face meeting or through phone discussion. One third information can be gettable through documents. (Rainey, 2006) argued that the main responsibility of executives and corporate management systems is to produce a well designed business model that can provide enhanced strategic direction, control and governance to the organisation. Researcher found ERP provide information distribution to different managers of different departments. Information availability assists to improve decision making process. Through available and real time figures managers are able to take in time and accurate decisions to react accordingly. Customer service and impact on marketing Researcher asked this question to enquire from Pizza hut management which department of pizza hut as an organisation tool most of the advantage from ERP. ‘What is the most improved area in whole organisation processes, e.g. HR, operations or finance.’ The answer was consists on operation, finance, marketing and customer service. Researcher has done detail analysis on operation and finance in this part researcher is analysing marketing department to look ERP impact on marketing. According to Operations support manager ERP facilitate to store customer information and from this customer information different analysis can be done to find out customer trend, their ordering behaviour and spending capacity. This helps to provide more knowledge about customer. (Sveiby, 1996) explained difference between information and knowledge he argued information is not equal to knowledge. Southgate store manager also speaks in favour of this he said customer information helps to build customer knowledge after some analysis. In analysis of customer information we need some particular information to build knowledge. For example customers order frequency and last order. (Polanyi, 1967) presented a theory about knowledge where he identified knowledge is an activity defined as process of knowing. For (Devanport and Prusak, 1998) knowledge is mixture of experience and information. This gives base to develop new skill and information. Pizza hut area manager thinks according to these theories and explained MICROS database store customer contact information, their last order record. Marketing department is using this information to make new deals, special deals to encourage differentcustomers. MICROS’s online ordering systems introduced new marketing procedures which are low in cost and have high effect in outcome. For example through online systems MICROS data base store email of customers and marketing department use this email information to advertise new deals or products. Grays store manager compared before MICROS customer information was only available in store. This means only store management can access that information and store manager do not have the capacity to organise entire marketing department. MICROS enabled share and centralised database which helps to access customer information of all stores from anywhere. (Fiol Lyles, 1985) presented a theory that rapid change in technology and competition bring new way of thinking in organisations and learning improves organisations performance. (Hubber, 1991) also identified the importance of information he said organisation learns the way of information processing is changed. ‘How new customer related knowledge and information is utilised.’ This question was asked to find out how pizza hut as an organisation is using customer knowledge. Operation support manager identified in his answer new customer information helps to keep customer record. This gives great knowledge about customer behaviour. MICROS help to store customer’s experiences with pizza hut. Their ordering pattern helps to analyse peak and off peak time. MICROS online ordering system helps to do effective marketing through website and emails. Marketing department is encouraging customers to order online because online order save time, improve accuracy and customer service and enhance speed. Area manager pointed out new customer knowledge helps to differentiate the regular customers. And pizza hut management is able to introduce special offers to regular customers and more attractive offers for new customers. Overall MICROS provide knowledge to make an effective marketing strategy to compete. Cheshunt store manager gave example of introducing new business deals only for Cheshunt store this helped to increase sales. Questionnaire answers figures shows that overall more than 70 % like online ordering and special offers. Researcher found ERP systems helps to create knowledge about customer and organisation. And have positive impact on marketing and customer service. ERP systems provide new marketing procedures, ERP systems also help to cut marketing budget through new procedures and facilitate even to do person to person marketing. Researcher also found knowledge is more than information. Financial Impact ‘How much pizza hut spent on ERP and what is the expected time to recover this investment’ and’ Do you think so far investing in ERP was worth to pizza hut as an organisation?’ These questions were asked to have idea about return on investment. Operation supportmanager replied it is difficult to disclose exact figure of MICROS implementations. However he briefly explained MICROS systems were very expensive to implement just to have an idea one MICROS’s enable touch screen system cost  £2200. A small delivery unit at least have 6 touch screens. Pizza hut entire management were agreed that ERP systems implementation investment was worth. It helped to enhance operations, increase sale, managers have better ability to perform and to deliver. (Gattikar Goodhue, 2000) identified benefits of ERP, he explained ERP systems improve administrator role such as finance and human resource. Questionnaire results shows more than 60 % customers agree that they have better accuracyand speed with new online ordering system. They also agreed that online ordering system provide easier and faster way to order. (Hossain, Jon Rashid, 2002) also described ERP benefits they gave explanation that Enterprise resource planning systems are implement to enhance and improve performance of organisation and these systems have impact on entire organisation. Pizza hut management is agreed although MICROS are expensive but their benefits are worth to spend on MICROS. Researcher found even though ERP systems are expensive for an organisation but they are worth for investment. Accuracy This question was designed to ask from interviewers what is the difference after ERP implementation. ‘What do you do differently now’. In reply to this question Operation support manager identify now pizza hut management have secure and easy availability of information. Online ordering system is step towards differentiation. Most of pizza hut competitors do not have online ordering facility. (Porter, 1996) explained organisation want to have competitive advantage have to produce a strategy either to execute different actions or similar actions with different technique. Area manager identified that MICROS produced improved reporting regarding different departments such as inventory report, more powerful sales report. Prevent fraud and more secure communication between customer and organisation. (O’Brien Marakas, 2008) described ERP software based and related to manufacturing, distribution, sales , accounting and human resource reporting software. This allows ERP s ystems to provide analysis and planning reports of different departments. Grays store manager reveals now because of better and precise forecasting they are able to pre-prep more accurately. This makes us able to reduce order making time and improve speed. In questionnaire figures shows 98% customers agree that online ordering system improved speed and order accuracy. Operation support manager identified MICROS provide more accurate accountability and fraud prevention because MICROS record every single transaction between customer and organisation and it also store discounts records. Store managers informed MICROS helped to improve CHAMPS. CHAMPS is Pizza hut standards for individual store performance where they look at Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product and Speed. Researcher found ERP systems help to enhance accuracy in different departments of organisation for better performance and accountability. Quantitative analysis Customers respond regarding ERP system This section of chapter based on data analysis of questionnaire survey to find out customers responds for online ordering service and pizza hut management reply on this questionnaire survey. Survey was completed in one week. Survey respond was 100 %. Pizza Hut online Service system Survey Statistics Started 100 Completed 100 Completion Rate 100% Drop Outs (do not use Pizza hut service) 3 1. Do you use Pizza Hut service in the area? Yes. No. In respond to this question 97 % customers answer was YES and they order food from pizza hut. 3 % said no. The figure shows there is high percentage of people who likes to order food from pizza hut. It gives Pizza hut great advantage in fast food market and shows have great brand name impact in fast food market. Pizza hut management told in interview it is their prime objective to be a fast food market leader. 2. How often do you use Pizza Hut Service? 1. Once a week 2. Twice a week or more 3. Once a month 4. Once a year Question two was designed to get the ordering frequency of customer that how often customer order pizza.51 % customers answered once a week. 40 % said twice a week or more. 7 % said once a month. And 2 % said once a year. Researcher found that pizza hut has good loyal customers. As there are more than 50 % customers who order at least once a week. According to Area manager customer order frequency information helps to improve marketing strategy and forecasting. L.R analysis Order frequency 3. What is your preferred way for ordering food? 1. Calling at Pizza hut 2. Walk in 3. Online This question was asked to identify what is the convenient way to place an order. In reply to this question 43% said they prefer order online 40 % peoples likes to order via phone and 17% customers likes to place order in person at pizza hut. Figures clearly show the different trends in customers. Customers have mixed approach towards ordering service but there are 43% customers as compare to 40% and 17 % who use other services. Researcher can withdraw result in the light of above figures that peoples have more trends to order through online service. Operations support manager also told that MICROS helped them to take one step forward it allow pizza hut to introduce online ordering service. Online ordering system is accurate and faster way to place order. (Shanks, Peter B, Leslie P, 2003) pointed out organisations plan to install ERP when they found it is their requirement to upgrade their active operational procedures 4. How you get more information about your required food? 1. Calling at Pizza hut 2. Printed Leaflet 3. Online product description The main purpose of this question was to find out does online ordering service provide enough information regarding product of pizza hut as compare to printed leaflet and calling at pizza hut. So researcher can determine about customer reaction about product information through online system. 67 % people voted that they will get more information via online. 29 % customers said they find more information on printed leaflets. Only 4 % customers agreed that they get more information about product when they call at pizza hut. After collecting primary data it is easy to identify the findings that 67 % customers are agreed that online system provide more information as compare to other product descriptions. Area manager explained in interview that Online system provide product information in detail because it iseasy to update and give product detail information on website as compare to printed brochure. 5. The information on the website is clearly written and easy to understand 1. Strongly Disagree 2. Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly Agree This question was designed to understand customer’s respond about information that is available on website regarding product and order. In respond to this question 82% customers strongly agreed. 11 % customers said they are agreed and 7 % customer replied they are undecided. After analysing the primary data researcher found that high percentage of customer 82 % strongly agreed and 11 % are happy that information on the online ordering system website is clearly understandable. This clearly shows that online ordering system is playing good role in pizza hut product understanding. 6. The content of the website is up-to-date? 1. Strongly Disagree 2. Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly Agree The aim behind this question was to calculate the accuracy of website offering products as compare to advertising offers and new printed menu. 82% customer strongly agreed that pizza hut website is up to date, 10 % people said they are agree that pizza hut is up to date , 6 % people said they are undecided 2 % people said they are disagree with this statement. Above figures describing that most of the time customers find website up to date. Researcherfinds still 2 % of people are there who said they are not agreed. This is area of concern being a multinational company Pizza hut have to resolve this and the website content should be up to dated for better impact and this is necessary for online system success that all the part of ERP systems in working condition and capable to play their role in organisation services. Southgate Store manager explained this problem as online website is for National level, whilesometimes pizza hut run special offers for local area, and customer find conflict in deals. Area managers described they are working to solve this problem by allowing special discounts for customers. 7. Please rate the ease of navigation of Pizza hut online service 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Average 4. Poor 5. Very Poor This question was designed to find out the ease of navigation when customers are ordering their food or in between their order and change mind to other product. 61 % customers said the navigation of website is excellent, 31 % said it is good and 6 % said it is average and 2 % said it is poor. There is mixed ratio of answers regarding ease of navigation. Area managers and store managers identified ERP installation helped to improve visuals and navigation through providing intelligent order taking program. Researcher found that online system can be more user friendly to encourage customer for online ordering service. 8. How easy was it to find a particular item you were looking for? 1. Very Easy 2. Somewhat Easy 3. Easy 4. Somewhat Difficult 5. Very Difficult This question is supporting above question and focused particularly on specific item or product.68 % people voted very easy for this question, 21 % said somewhat easy, 9 % said easy and 2 % said somewhat difficult. Pizza hut management explained because of user friendly layout and product detail help to find and select product. Researcher found that 68 % respondent said it is easy to find their required items this shows that online ordering system is really helpful for finding their required product and good for search of items. 9. Please rate the overall content of Pizza hut website. 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Average 4. Poor 5. Very Poor This question covers generally about accuracy and easiness of the online ordering system. In respond to this question 61 % customer said excellent, 25 % said it is good ,11 % said it is average and 3 % replied it is poor. The statistics illustrate that there is high volume of customers who are satisfied with overall content online ordering website. Pizza hut management identified MICROS online ordering system is on step forward towards better customer service. (Gattiker Goodhue, 2000) Pointed out ERP implementation provides benefits from many angles. 10. How easy was it to modify items in your shopping cart? e.g to change pizza base, 1. Very Easy 2. Somewhat Easy 3. Easy 4. Somewhat Difficult 5. Very Difficult This question was designed to find out the ease of changing order, if a customer wants to change order after deciding final order is it easy to change the final order as compare to other service.37 % customers said very easy, 35 % said somewhat easy and 22 % said it is easy and 4 % said somewhat difficult and 2 % said very difficult. Researcher found that 37 % people found it very easy to change final product this figure is low as compare to above customer’s respond towards online ordering system. This is the area of improvement for online service. In respond to these figures operations support manager told MICROS support team is working to fix problems as they are logged. They always try to provide best possible and user friendly interface to customers and order takers. 11. Was your order complete when you received it? Yes No The main objective of this question was to find out accuracy when order received at pizza hut and processed how accurately it delivered when place through online ordering system. 96 % said yes to this question‘s answer and only 4 % said no. Findings show the accuracy level for online ordering service is good. Where 96% of people said they find complete order. Cheshunt store manager revealed that since they have MICROS online ordering service their store d

Presentation of satire in Brave New World Essay -- essays research pap

Analyse the passage (John the Savage in the hospital); discern presentation of satire and how it is wrought. In Brave New World Huxley is targeting consumer, materialistic attitudes that existed in his time (and still do today) and extrapolating, then projecting them into the world that is the World State, to serve as a warning to society of the consequences of these attitudes. The passage in question is from Chapter XIV of Huxley’s Brave New World, and more specifically features the incident in which the ‘Savage’, John, visits his dying mother at a hospital, and subsequently instigates a riot because of soma, which he abhors. The drug, soma, in particular is emblematic in its pervasive influence into the World State, of the power of technology and ‘ignorance is bliss’ outlook over science and it’s ideal as a search for truth. Soma is embraced by the populace as a means of instant gratification, embodied by such hypnopaedic platitudes as ‘One cubic centimetre cures 10 gloomy sentiments’ or ‘A gramme is always better than a damn’, drilled into the subconscious of the people, having ‘heard the words repeated 150 times every night for 12 years’. ‘Christianity without tears’ is how Mustapha Mond describes soma, contrasting with the Savage’s view that ‘the tears are necessary’ as displayed in the passage. The first satirical irony of the passage is that John is indeed referred to as a ‘Savage’, whereas the model of humanity shown by John stemming from Shakespeare’s presentatio...

Essay on the American Dream Revised in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon

The American Dream Revised in Song of Solomon      Ã‚   America was founded on the belief that "all men are created equal." However, a question must be posed which asks who constitutes "men" and what is "equal"?   Africans were taken from their country and enslaved in America. They had to fight to retain dignity and grace in circumstances that were deplorable. Even slaves who were well taken care of were not able to realize the dream of being free again.    In her work, Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison relates a story of the dream of Milkman.   Although he is not a slave, Milkman is enslaved by the fact that as a child, he was forced to participate in a shameful act that he wanted no part of. Even his nickname was derived from this horrific act:      When he came into the little room she unbuttoned her blouse and smiled. He was too young to be dazzled by her nipples, but he was old enough to be bored by the flat taste of mother's milk, so he came reluctantly, as to a chore, and lay as he had at least once each day of his life in his mother's arms, and tried to pull the thin, faintly sweet mild from her flesh without hurting her with his teeth. (13)    This act embarrassed Ruth and Macon Jr. because he was never able to shake the nickname and it did not improve either one's relationship with his father. Milkman could not control the whims of his mother though he suspected the act was wrong. Macon did not respect his son's voice as seen when Milkman strikes his father for striking his mother. Milkman does not want to hear Macon's explanations for his behavior and is appalled that Macon insists on describing the indiscriminant nature of Ruth's attachment to her father as the excuse for Milkman's father's treatment... ...m is not an open invitation to Africans like it is to other immigrant groups. They are not voluntary participants in American society; therefore, they must settle for less than others have to. They must fight twice as hard to have half as much as others.    Works Cited: De Arman, Charles. "Milkman as the Archetypal Hero." Obsidian: Black Literature in Review 6.3 (1980): 56-59. Moraru, Christian. "Reading the Onomastic Text: 'The politics of the Proper Name' in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Names: A Journal of Onomastics. 44.3 (1996): 189-204. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Peterson, Nancy J. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Storhoff, Gary. "'Anaconda Love': Parental Enmeshment in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Style 31.2 (1997): 290-309.   

Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay -- Research Papers

Cancer occurrs by the production of multiple mutations in a single cell that causes it to proliferate out of control. Cancer cells often different from their normal neighbors by a host of specific phenotypic changes, such as rapid division rate, invasion of new cellular territories, high metabolic rate, and altered shape. Some of those mutations may be transmitted from the parents through the germ line. Others arise de novo in the somatic cell lineage of a particular cell. Cancer-promoting mutations can be identified in a variety of ways. They can be cloned and studied to learn how they can be controlled. Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be treated by gene therapy. Gene therapy is the insertion of a functional gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell. Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as into the somatic cell population, not only achieve a cure for the individual treated, but some gametes could also carry the corrected genotype. Somatic gene therapy focuses only on the body, or soma, attempting to effect a reversal of the disease phenotype by treating some somatic tissues in the affected individual. One of the most promising approaches to emerge from the improved understanding of cancer at the molecular level is the possibility of using gene therapy to selectively target and destroy tumor cells, for example, the loss of tumor suppressor genes ... ...rine Interleukin-4 Displays Potent Anti-tumor Activity In Vivo. Cell 57. P. 503-512. 8. Trojan, J. Et al. Treatment and Prevention of Rat Glioblastoma by Immunogenic C6 Cells Expressing Antisense Insulin-like Growth Factor I RNA. Science 259. p. 94-97. 9. Hwu, P. Et al. 1993. Functional and Molecular Characterization of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Transduced with Tumor Necrosis Factor-r cDNA for the Gene Therapy of Cancer in Humans. J. Immunol. 150. p. 4104-4115. 10. Sorrentino, B.P. et al. 1992. Selection of Drug-Resistant Bone Marrow Cells in Vivo After Retroviral Transfer of Human MDR1. Science 257. P. 99-103. 11. Oldfield, E.H., Culver, K.W., Ram, Z., and Blaese, R.M. 1993. Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors using Intra-Tumoral Transduction with the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Intravenous ganciclovir. Hum. Gene Ther. 4. P. 39-69.

Metaphysical Poetry and John Donne Essay

Define metaphysical poetry, its characteristics and John Donne as a metaphysical poet. The concept metaphysical deals with the philosophical view of the nature of things. Metaphysical poetry is often mentioned as poetry inspired by a philosophical concept of the universe and the role assigned to the human spirit in the great drama of existence. Metaphysical poetry is involved with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets. Metaphysical poetry has an amazing power to explore and express ideas and feelings about the world and its diverse phenomena in a rational way to captivate the readers. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. A group of 17th-century poets, whose work is characterized by the use of complex and elaborate images or conceits, typically using an intellectual form of argumentation to express emotional states are denoted as metaphysical poets. Members of this group include John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvell, Robert Herrick and Richard Crashaw who explored the nature of the world and human life, and who used images that were surprising at that time. Their poetic works have been abundant with the various perspectives of human life especially – like love, romance and sensuality; about man’s relationship with God – the eternal perspective, and to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. The metaphysical poetry presents innovative and wondrous use of puns, paradoxes and employs cunning logical propositions; Metaphysical poem is brief but intense and embodies a style that is energetic and vigorous. A metaphysical poem is an expanded epigram, characterized by the striking use of wit and irony. Metaphysical poetry demands concentration. Moreover a metaphysical conceit makes the poetry more vibrant and notable. It is largely used to make a comparison of cleverness and justice and its invention is often more impressive than its justness. A metaphysical conceit is used to persuade, or to define, or to prove a point that’s why the metaphysical poetry is usually argumentative and persuasive. A metaphysical poet attempts to establish a logical connection between his emotional feelings and intellectual concepts with the help of far-fetched imagery. The clever placement of unlike imagery, thought and emotions, contrasting pair of statements and unifying altogether makes it extraordinary. According to Ben Johnson; â€Å"the metaphysical poets showcase their knowledge and intelligence in their poetry. † The metaphysical poets play with thoughts as the Elizabethans had played with words which clearly show the wit and intellect of poets. The controlled flow of emotions is the exhibition of the potential the poets carry to express feelings in controlled language. Metaphors, similes and personifications are significant elements of metaphysical poetry. In addition to this a combination of sensibility portrays the marvelous fusion of head and heart, of intellect and emotion, of thought and passion. The metaphysical poets harmonized thoughts, reasoning, feelings and images. Being successful at merging diverse fields, metaphysical poetry also contains a sense of humour though it is not laughable but it brings a smile to the reader’s face. Metaphysical poetry is usually a dramatic monolog, the poet is addressed to the audience like in drama and every idea is for the audience. Furthermore the abrupt openings of metaphysical poetry are therefore an attraction which creates an interest for the readers. The metaphysical poets were more interested in the use of intricate rhythm, realism and obscurity. Joan Bennet observes that in the case of Donne and his circle, the term that â€Å"metaphysical actually refers to the style rather than subject matter†. John Donne (1572-1631) was inclined to the personal and intellectual complexity and concentration that is displayed in his poetry. He is acknowledged as the master of metaphysical poetry. John Donne was Born in London into a prosperous Roman Catholic family, at a time when England was staunchly anti-Catholic, Donne was forced to leave Oxford without a degree because of his religion. He studied law and, at the same time, read widely in theology in an attempt to decide whether the Roman or the Anglican Church was the true Catholic Church . In the meantime, he became known as a witty man of the world and the author of original, often dense, erotic poems. Donne participated in two naval expeditions, he was briefly sent to prison for secretly marrying his patron’s niece. In 1615, at the age of forty-two, Donne accepted ordination in the Anglican Church. He quickly earned a reputation as one of the greatest preachers of his time. He was Dean of St. Paul’s since 1621 until his death. John Donne is regarded as both the pioneer and the chief spokesman of metaphysical poetry. The importance of his innovation was recognized by Thomas Carew, who praised Donne as the monarch of wit who ‘purged’ /’The Muses’ Garden’, threw away ‘the loose seeds / Of Servile imitation †¦ And fresh invention planted’. But his poetry is also difficult and complicated. Donne adopts different oles and postures – the libertine rake, the devoted and constant lover and the cynic who feels cheated by his experience in love, the despairing sinner fearing damnation, and bold suitor, claiming his right to salvation. His poetry expresses radically contradictory views – of women, the body, and love. Donne’s poetry about love and about his relation to God invites connections with his personal life, yet it resists attempts to read it biographically. His seventeenth-century biographer, Izaak Walton, assigned the secular love poetry to the youthful Donne and the religious poetry to the mature priest. His notable works are The Good-Morrow, The Sunne Rising, Death Be Not Proud, Batter My Heart, The Canonization, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day , Twicknam Garden and The Anniversarie . The Songs and Sonnets explore man’s relation with woman, seeing erotic love as one of the most important experiences of life. Donne’s love poetry describes passionate sexual love with vigor and intensity. There are far too many suitable poems to consider all in detail, but The Good-Morrow and The Sunne Rising belong together. Whereas the Elegies in their political language and analogies often connect love and the political world, here there is a sharper opposition between the two spheres. The private little room of love (the microcosm) contrasts with the outside world of princes, explorers, lawyers, and merchants, who are all preoccupied with material concerns. â€Å"The Good-morrow† is a complex poem which moves around two central metaphors, of a pair of lovers walking into a new life together and of new world created by their mutual love. John Donne gave a poetic status to a simple idea in an argumentative way in a three stanza structure. But the fluency of the stanza is leading to the brief penultimate line and final Alexandrine with its stately, measured quality. On (line-4) there is a reference to bible to the seven sleepers, /or snorted we in seven sleepers den/ metaphorically may be Donne and his beloved were sleeping. Furthermore in (lines 8-14) he claims that his experience of mutual love gives him a new perspective from which the rest of the world looks insignificant. The world of love contains everything of value; it is the only one worth exploring and possessing. Donne uses conceits and metaphors to exhibit his knowledge of geography, which is evident by the reference to the sea voyagers, that the lovers are not interested in the new worlds and discoveries, they are happy with each other and they don’t want anything else. /Let sea-discoverers to new worlds have gone, / Let maps to others, worlds on worlds have shown, / Let us possess one world, each hath one, and is one/. While the following lines /Where can we find two better hemispheres/Without sharp north, without declining west? Compares the world of the lovers in the geographical world that our world is full of love and our love for each other is true and never ending. Love creates its own perfect world, combined of two better hemispheres. Donne’s keen interest in discovering, links him with important concerns of his age. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were a time of exploration, both scientific and geographical. England also saw the emergence of modern, experimental science. The New World was being explored, and astronomical observations by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo led to the discovery of a new order of the heavens. Donne telescoped images and draws references from diverse spheres of cosmology, geography, science, philosophy, alchemy, theology, sea-voyages, mythology, religion, law and even from colonial enterprise so far as Britain was then emerging as the greatest empire through colonial expansion in different countries. Certain images or ideas recur so often as to seem typical: kingship and rule; subjectivism (â€Å"one little room an everywhere† â€Å"nothing else is†); alchemy – especially the mystical beliefs associated with elixir and quintessence and cosmology, both ancient and modern (references both to spheres and to the world of â€Å"sea-discoverers†). Another love sonnet by Donne â€Å"The Sun Rising† is a dramatic monologue addressed to the sun and the beloved. Here Donne uses personification metaphors and similes to make it interesting and attractive. Sun and ants are personified and different images are used (lines 5-10) like schoolboys, factory workers, huntsman, life of London and the royal class. There is a conceit where beloved’s beautiful eyes are compared to India (undiscovered beauty) and the sun can see that if India is as beautiful as his beloved’s eyes or his beloved’s eyes are more beautiful, this far-fetched conceit illustrates Donne’s wit and intellect. There is a metaphor where the beloved is compared to the states and princess/she is all states, and all princes, I, nothing else/ it gives the idea that for the poet, the beloved is the entire world, royalty, majestic and grand and maybe the sun also believes that. Hence the microcosmic world of love becomes larger and more important than the macrocosm. /Princes doe†¦. All wealth alchimie/ here poet says that his beloved’s beauty is copied by princess and further a metaphor express that she is more honorable and worthy than wealth and gold and their love is all the wealth for them. The concluding couplet/ Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere/ This bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere/ brings forth a cosmic imagery to show how the microcosmic world of the lovers symbolizes the macrocosmic world. Donne’s Divine Poems explore the man’s relation with God, often describing it in terms of human love, and seeking to discover the true relation between man’s love for God that promises salvation. Even with his Divine Poems exploring religious experience, Donne seeks to understand the relation between erotic and spiritual love. In Donne’s Divine Poems the sense of sinfulness is so great that the speaker insists it will take extraordinary efforts on God’s part to save him. The demands for an intense, intimate relation with God are often couched in erotic language. Perhaps the most startling poem is the sonnet ‘Batter my heart, three person’d God’, in which the speaker metaphorically says that he is like a woman who loves one man (God) but is betrothed to another (Satan), and wants to be rescued, even by force. It’s a paradoxical poem with conceits and metaphors and one of the best known in his holy sonnets. On (line 5-8) a conceit is used where the poet is comparing himself to a town which is conquered by enemies and he wants God to come to him and dominate him. Donne took ideas from the bible and Christian priests in his holy sonnets. Death Be Not Proud is Donne’s another argumentative poem, that death is not all-powerful, since it must eventually give way to eternal life, we fear as death is (for Christian believer) only form of sleep from which we have to awake on the day of judgment, when death will be abolished. There is a reference to (Jesus Christ) in last 3 lines of (Death Be Not Proud) and the idea is taken from bible as he wants forgiveness with blood as each drop of Christ’s blood is salvation /why swell’st thou†¦ death, thou shalt die/. The argument of the poem is that. There is another reference to the flood in Noah’s time/from rest and sleepe, †¦ rest of their soules deliverie/(lines5-9). Donne in A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning compares the lovers with a pair of compasses. Such a far-fetched comparison to show the affinity and relationship of the lovers in terms of compasses is indeed astounding for which Samuel Johnson describes metaphysical conceit as a combination of dissimilar images or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently. Again in Twicknam Garden Donne makes another brilliant use of conceit whose ingenuity, Helen Gardner considers, is more striking than its justice: ? The spider Love, which transubstantiates all/ And can convert manna to gall. In Donne’s poetry we will also examine a sudden dramatic beginning and finer exertion of colloquial language, as exemplified in the abrupt, conversational opening of The Canonization where the poet-lover admonishes the intruder in a colloquial tone for hampering their privacy: ? For God‘s sake hold your tongue, and let me love, / Or chide my palsy, or my gout/ My five gray hairs, or ruined fortune flout?. If we keenly observe, we will find that many of the tensions and contradictions in Donne’s poetry can be seen as deriving from wanting to satisfy conflicting human needs and desires. Some poems like ‘The Indifferent’ or ‘Community’ insist on male independence and autonomy in erotic relations. Others like ‘The Sun Rising’ or ‘The Canonization’ show a strong desire for intimacy. Donne’s poetry thus expresses the instability and infinity of human desire. For all its various attitudes, what is so wonderful about Donne is that, for all his realistic assessment of those limits, and for all the admissions of guilt about his immoderate desires, he never gives up wanting — and asking for -more. There are some other well-known contemporaries of John Donne like Andrew Marvell (1621–78), who is one of the English metaphysical poets. Among his best-known poems is To His Coy Mistress, a clever and entertaining attempt to persuade a young woman to go to bed with him there is an explicit argument of this poem. Other works of Andrew Marvell include The Coronet, Bermudas, The Definition of Love and The Garden. Henry Vaughan (1621-1695) is another metaphysical poet, who wrote The Retreate, The World, Man and â€Å"They Are All Gone into the World of Light†. In The Retreate, Vaughan notes that â€Å"shadows of eternity are seen by him in natural phenomena such as clouds or flowers. His works express one’s personal relationship to God. George Herbert another worth mentioning English poet and priest, is one of the metaphysical poets who dealt with religious themes such as doubt, suffering and joy, using simple language and metaphors. Herbert’s poetry is elegant as the result of art as a cultivated expression, but not forced, spiritual humility. He wrote Jordan in which there is religious devotion versus secular love, other works are The Pearl, The Collar, Discipline and Love. Following the steps of John Donne, Richard Crashaw (1613-1649) wrote many metaphysical poems like EpigrammaticumSacrorum Liber, Steps to the Temple, Delights of the Muses, Carmen Deo Nostro and that’s why he is also short listed among the brilliant and illustrious metaphysical poets. His collection The Temple was published after his death. All these legends have played an important role in the survival of metaphysical poetry. Lastly, I will mention that metaphysical poetry gives us a new dimension to create a far-fetched link with the help of metaphysical conceits, which stimulates us to think beyond the surface level and show our wit and shrewdness. I would praise all the metaphysical poets, for their commendable job and setting a new trend in English poetry. The tremendous versatility of Donne and his contemporaries paved the way for future generations to produce something as grand as metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry has its great importance in English literature due to its vivacious imagery and attractive techniques. Indeed, metaphysical poetry is a milestone achievement for metaphysical poets; it’s worth reading and worth admiring.