Strategies to Produce Thermonuclear Plasmas

Strategies to Produce Thermonuclear PlasmasElrica DegirmenWhat is the juncture European Torus and how does it work?The Joint European Torus, or grand, is a physics facility located in the Culham Centre for uniting readiness in Oxfordshire. Plasma physicists and engineers there argon producing atomic blood plasmas under magnetic containment in order to show that fusion goose egg is a reliable source of nada in the prox. It is very ambitious to do on earth as in order for nuclear fusion to happen temperatures millions of degrees above the core of the Sun must be achieved as it is impossible to gravitationally confine the plasma (CEA, 2001) which is the way it happens in stars.A plasma is defined as a quasi-neutral ionised gas, and because it is charged, it discount be manipulated by electric and magnetic surface areas (Suplee, 2009).The History of the Joint European TorusJETs history started in 1970 when the Council of the European Community decided to figure on a fusion research programme and build a European fusion device. After leash years in 1973, the designs of JET were existence drawn up and in 1977 the Culham site was chosen to build JET and construction work began. It then started operation in 1983 ( join demesne Atomic heftiness Authority, 2012). The 9th of November 1991 is a particularly important date in the history of nuclear fusion as this was when the Preliminary Tritium Experiment achieved the worlds first-class honours degree controlled muster out of fusion reason (ITER Organization, 2014).What is nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion is what indexs the sun and it involves two nuclei fusing together under extreme temperatures and pressures. When this reaction occurs, energy is released from Einsteins energy-mass equivalence equation This is because the sum of the masses of the individual nucleons before fusing is greater than the sum of the masses of the nuclei when they have fused. This leads to a mass defect and due to the prese rvation of energy a loss in mass is compensated through the release of energy.With regards to nuclear fusion, a lot of energy is released, especially when compared with nuclear fission. We can compare the energy outputs of both nuclear processes through the concept of binding energy. Binding energy is the amount of energy needed to either remove from each one(prenominal) nucleon from each other within the nucleus or the energy needed to fuse the same number of nucleons to form the nucleus of an atom. Looking at the binding energy per nucleon for the elements, we can see which are the most stable elements (they have the highest binding energy per nucleon) and see which processes (fission or fusion) releases the most energy.It should be noted that the machine for nuclear fusion in stars is different compared to achieving nuclear fusion on earth. In stars, the hydrogen atoms are fused together due to the extreme pressures as there is such a large quantity of stellar material. An ex ample of one of the main nuclear cycles that take transmit in stars is the Proton-Proton Chain which happens in stars with the same mass as our Sun or less (The University of Tennessee). The main reaction is the first step where it converts hydrogen and deuterium into helium and emits a da Gamma ray as follows (Case Western Reserve University)These pressures, as well as the high temperatures, and the effects of gravitational confinement means that the hydrogen atoms, which would normally resist one another due to their positive charges at the centres of their nuclei, are able to catch the Coulomb barrier, and indeed the strong force is able to attract these nuclei together releasing vast amounts of energy and producing helium in the first place. The Coulomb barrier is the energy that is needed for the electrical repulsion to be overcome in order for the strong nuclear force to take place in order for the nuclei to fuse together (HyperPhysics).Here on earth, it is impossible to g ravitationally confine large amounts of plasma, therefore physicists have developed two main methods for achieving nuclear fusion (for the purposes of civilian energy) inertial confinement and magnetic confinement (CEA, 2001). Another facility, the subject field Ignition Facility in Livermore, California uses inertial confinement and this involves the use of lasers.However, JET is concerned with magnetic confinement and, as the name suggests, it involves magnets with a reactor designd as a torus or as a hollow doughnut. The Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov first came up with the idea of a tokamak as it was considered the most optimal shape to successfully confine a plasma using magnetic fields.In terms of magnetic confinement, for nuclear fusion to occur (this is called ignition) three main properties of the plasma must fulfil certain conditions. This is named the Lawson criterion after it was first proposed by John D. Lawson in 1955. The Lawson criterion states that the triple product of plasma density, confinement time, and the plasma temperature must fulfil this equation for a deuterium-tritium reaction (Irvine, 2011)Where is the plasma density, is the plasma temperature and is the confinement time.Although a lot of energy is needed to overcome the Coulomb barrier and initiate the fusion process, the large energy yield is the reason why research at JET and at other institutes is yet ongoing (HyperPhysics). The most common fusion reaction to be studied nowadays and the one that physicists at JET are looking into particularly is the deuterium-tritium, or D-T, reaction. Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. It is as follows (HyperPhysics)Plasma heat energyWithin the tokamak, the plasma current is induced by a transformer. The central iron transformer core acts as the primary winding, and this is situated in the hole of the tokamak reactor, and the plasma acts as the secondary winding. The plasma can act as a secondary winding because it is el ectrically-charged and therefore acts as a conductor. The alternating current that is supplied to the central magnetic coil induces a changing magnetic field and this is used to control the plasma. This produces a heating effect called Ohmic heating. Thus induced current causes heating which also happens in conventional transformers as well.Neutral-beam injection involves the introducing high-energy atoms into the magnetically-confined plasma when it is already ohmically heated. These atoms are ionised as they pass through the plasma and therefore are also controlled by the magnetic field present. They then become high-energy ions and as a result, they transfer some of their energy to the plasma particles in repeated collisions. This increase in the number of collisions increases the average translational kinetic energy associated with these ions and hence increases the temperature of the plasma overall.Furthermore, radio frequency heating is also used to heat the plasma. This is g enerated through induction high-frequency oscillating currents in the plasma by external coils. at that place are parts of the plasma where the energy absorption is high and the frequencies are chosen to match the frequencies of these regions. This is called resonance and it allows large amounts of power to be transferred to the plasma.All of these ways of heating the plasma are important as not one single method can produce the necessary temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 2012), which is required in magnetic confinement (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 2012).Confining the plasmaThe main purpose of the tokamak in JET is to magnetically confine the plasma with the help of the device called a tokamak which is a Russian acronym for a torus-shaped magnetic chamber (European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy), 2013). In order to successfully confine the plasma, the magnetic field lines must move around the torus in a helical shape generated by toroidal and poloidal fields.The diagram above is useful in explaining two key concepts in plasma physics the toroidal field and the poloidal field. The toroidal field is represented by the blue line and it is the magnetic field that travels around the torus in circles. The poloidal field is represented by the red arrow and it travels in circles perpendicular to the toroidal field.Both of these fields differ in the way they are produced as well in their direction of travel. The toroidal field is produced by electromagnets which surround the torus, and the poloidal field is generated as a result of the toroidal electric current that follows inside the plasma with the help of a second set of electromagnets (Wikipedia, 2014).Energy productAt the moment, JET can sole(prenominal) produce around 70% of the power needed to heat the plasma in the first place (Mlyn, 2007). However, a new tokamak called ITER is being built in Cadarache and developed in order to develop the technologies and obtain the knowledge necessary to built fusion power stations capable of producing more energy out than in (European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy), 2013). Energy production from fusion is a promising idea as a fusion reaction, in comparison to the combustion of fossil fuels, is four times more energetic, thus more energy can be produced from very small quantities of deuterium and tritium (ITER Organization, 2014).In practical terms, in order to produce 1000MW of electricity, 2.4 million tonnes of coal would be needed each year for a coal-fired power station, however only 125kg each of deuterium and tritium per year would be needed to produce the same amount of energy (ITER Organization, 2014).The futureFrom the research conducted at JET, it was apparent to physicists that a bigger tokamak must be built in order to break-even and hopefully obtain a greater energy out put than input. To reiterate, this tokamak is known as ITER and is currently built in the south of France. Even then, ITER is not being built specifically for energy production and it is only until indicate will be built that it can be demonstrated to the world that it is possible to harness the power of nuclear fusion on energy. DEMO is expected to be running sometime during the 2030s and an actual fusion power plant to be running by 2050 (EFDA, 2014). However, due to inevitable geopolitical issues and pecuniary constraints, there is every possibility that these dates may be pushed forward into the future. Even so it was in 1905 when Einstein first formulated the mass-energy equivalence relation, it was in 1920 when Eddington first discovered how stars produced energy, it was in 1927 when Langmuir gave plasma its name and thus plasma physics was born (Mlyn, 2007) and there have been many other milestones within plasma physics since then that even if the dates fusion civilian ener gy is pushed forward by a couple of decades or more it will not mean anything in the long term as man will finally be able to learn how to release it and use it for his service as Eddington said. Irrespective of when the production of fusion energy will occur, JET will have been a cornerstone in the history of fusion energy and plasma physics as experiments at JET have made us closer and closer to ignition. The next step is to build the next series of tokamaks and finally the fusion power plant.Works CitedCase Western Reserve University. (n.d.). The Proton-Proton Chain. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http//burro.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/StarPhys/ppchain.htmlCEA. (2001). Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes02.htmEFDA. (2014). Fusion. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http//www.efda.org/fusion/European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy). (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http//fusionforenergy.europa.eu/faq/a7European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy). (2013). What is Fusion? Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//fusionforenergy.europa.eu/understandingfusion/HyperPhysics. (n.d.). Coulomb Barrier for Fusion. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/coubar.htmlHyperPhysics. (n.d.). Nuclear Fusion. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.htmlIrvine, M. (2011). Nuclear Power A Very Short Introduction. upstart York Oxford University Press Inc.ITER Organization. (2014). Fueling the Fusion Reaction. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http//www.iter.org/sci/fusionfuelsITER Organization. (2014). Progress in Fusion. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//www.iter.org/sci/beyonditerMlyn, J. (2007). Focus On JET. Prague Association EURATOM-IPP.CR.Suplee, C. (2009). The Plasma Universe. Cambr idge Cambridge University Press.The University of Tennessee. (n.d.). The Proton-Proton Chain. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http//csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/energy/ppchain.htmlUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. (2012). JET. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//www.ccfe.ac.uk/JET.aspxUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. (2012). The Tokamak. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//www.ccfe.ac.uk/Tokamak.aspxWikipedia. (2014). Tokamak. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

Reflecting on Practices in Medicine Administration

Reflecting on Practices in Medicine AdministrationThe ability to establish springive in trust has become a necessary skill for health professionals. This is to ensure that health professionals are continuing with their daily learning and upward(a) their practice. Reflective practice plays a big part in healthcare today and is becoming increasingly noticed.Administration of medicines is a key element of treat care. Every day some 7000 doses of medication are administered in a typical NHS hospital (Audit Commission 2002). So throughout this essay I exit be evaluating and highlighting the learning that took place whilst on placement at a day unit.Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurses role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (OShea 1999). So as a student nurse this has become my duty and something that I need to practice and become competent in c arrying it out. Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, modify knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse medicate reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (NMC 2008). Accountability also goes for students, if at any point I felt I was not competent enough to dispensing a certain drug it would be my responsibility in speaking up and let the registered nurses know, so that I could shadow them and have the opportunity to learn help me in future practice and administration.The reflective sample I have chosen to implement is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following description, feelings, evaluation, and conclusion. (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. interchange will include the knowled ge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill, that I have learnt and supporting this with available books.DescriptionThe first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient named in hereafter as Mrs. A for confidentiality purposes (NMC 2008).I had observed this clinical skill on a number of occasions and had previously administered medication under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by devil certified nurses, one of which was my teach. The drug had been dispensed and was ready to be administered and Mrs. A consented to have a student administer the medication. My mentor talked me through the procedure pure tone by step, and informed me that they have struggled with Mrs. A and her compliance with medication before so I should uphold an eye and ensure that she swallows her medication and that she does not keep it her mouth.The medication that Mrs. A is on is Clozap ine. The decision to use clozapine is not taken lightly because of the potentially life threatening emplacement effect. An awareness of side effects is all important(p) to primary care practitioners because they have most contact with the patients.I learnt that using anti-psychotics is just a component of a holistic betterment to a patient with psychotic illness and that care should also include psychological treatments and social care. Mrs. A does not have any issue with the drug it self but with the staff, as she is in a very psychotic state. Service users have requested strategies from services providers to manage the risk of using psychiatrical medication to inform their choice about which psychiatric medication to use (DOH,1999). However evidence suggests that, there is choice, but generally by practitioner accept (Hamann et al. 2005). In non compliance of medication I had to encourage Mrs. A to make her choice to take the medications and that it was in her care plan and a s part of her treatment. A nurse who has built a good relationship with a patient by informing and empowering them will be in a strong berth to have a non judgmental conversation with them about the importance of adherence (Mc Lellan. 2009).My thought and feelingsI was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious and I had to ensure that I was doing everything correctly and that I made no errors. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning if I knew the side effects of the drug I was about to administer, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was map and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. So I had to ensure before administering that I was grown the medication to the right patient and at the correct dose that it was at the right time and route. All of these had to be done to guarantee that I am competent in my ability to administer medication under the supervision of a registered nurse. This also gave me the opportunity to carry out this task in coordinate to achieve this so I could get it signed off by my mentor in my essentials skills cluster.The nurse patient relationship is by many considered the core out of nursing. This can be done to build a good relationship and rapport with patients (Framer.et al 2001). When I was first orientated to the ward, I took it upon myself to read the patients notes so that I had more insight to the patients and their illness and index offences if any. After this I went and introduced myself to the patients because it is vital that the patients are aware of who I am and my status if I am to provide nursing care for them. (Berlo, 1960) puts great emphasis on dyadic communication, therefore stressing the role of the relationship between the source and the receiver as an important variable in the communication process.EvaluationAdministering medication and how this combined wi th care, compassion and communication forms the bases of a holistic approach to care, and with the knowledge I got from supporting literature formed the foundation of my learning and practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses.Reflective practice is becoming an essential skill that is incorporated into clinical practice and CPD and it is therefore important that the nurse understand the role and the potential of reflection. Different ways to reflect in practice can be approached however, there are evident barriers to reflection within a care setting including time because of the busy surroundings a hospital encompasses or lack of motivation if the vast majority of health care practitioners are not undertaking it. The NHS has to implement ways in which all healthcare professionals can reflect in their practice to enhance patient care, as one of the NHSs main aims is to imp rove the care of patients.

Senator Joseph R. McCarthy Essay example -- Essays Papers

Senator Joseph R. McCarthy Even though he had humble beginnings, Joseph Raymond McCarthy, a single man, do a profound effect on the entire United States during his career. By following his life and what shaped McCarthy as an individual, a broader picture is brought into the scope of the rationality of his false accusations. In the year 1908, in the northeast region of Wisconsin on a struggling farm, a devout Roman Catholic couple brought a their son, Joseph Raymond, into the world. The McCarthys, an Irish-American family, were hard working and industrious on their farm in a rural area of Wisconsin. Joseph attended a one-room schoolhouse as a boy. He was noned to be a very intelligent child, and finished grade school early. He was observed as an exuberant, outgoing child who was sometimes blush intimidating to other children because of his aggressiveness and tendency to pick fights for the fun of it. Jospeh started his own chicken farm and in no time at all, became very lucky in his business. Several years later, however, his luck took a bad turn and he had to give it up. He started working at a grocery stock in Appleton, where he moved up to a manager position and was transferred to a store in Manawa, Wisconsin. In Manawa, Joseph made the store a huge success. He brought in all sorts of customers by going around town and all of his attention to his customers. It was shortly after his transfer that he decided to go back to school. McCarthy put so much effort into his studies that he completed high school in one year, even with extra curricular activities desire hiking and basketball and school committies. He continued on to Marquette University in the fall... ... States Army and lost. He was discredited and Congress took a vote on whether or not to boot McCarthy out of office. He did not lose his seat, but McCarthys career was on the decline. After the vote, McCarthy was continually cut by the White House, senatorial committees and the press. repayable to lack of the public attention he needed, McCarthy turned to an old habit of his - drinking. Over the summer in 1956, McCarthy was repeatedly hospitalized for detoxification, and in 1957, was admitted once again for liver ailment due to alcohol abuse. At the age of 49, on May 2, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy died in Bethesda Naval Hospital. Works CitedKlingaman, William K., Encyclopedia of the McCarthy Era. New York Facts on File, c1996. Reeves, Thomas C., The brio and Times of Joe McCarthy a biography/Thomas C. Reeves. NewYork Stein and Day, 1982.

Business And Society :: essays research papers

LEADERSHIPAmeri scum bag business is in dire straits and the blame is being heaped on its leadership or, more aptly, the lack thereof. in that respect are probably no fewer business leaders today than there were 50 years ago. There is not a shortage of respectable plenty, but maybe a lack of the right kind of people. People with the skills necessary to drive companies forward in a thoroughly different and promptly changing world. I feel a leader should have several essential attributesTrust. Leaders must be trustworthy, and they must trust their people, also. Vision. The nuts and bolts of footrace a business. Leaders must know where they want the company to be in the future. Also, get the whole company to share that vision. Leaders have to roundabout the direction and get the company headed that way. Commitment. There will always be disloyalty among employees, but leaders need to seen as caring and nurturing.Integrity. A leader cant lack integrity and still have people follow. Leaders must have values. They must have dedication to do what is right. The values of an fundamental law are manifested on what a leader does.Creative Ability. Leaders must be positive. Always looking for possibilities, not perfection. This means that they must be percipient to different ways of doing things.Communication. A good leader is in constant communication with his or her people. He or she makes the rounds and knows whats going on. Telling his people everything he can about what he knows and doesnt know.Risk Taking. It is essential to be open to possibilities, and to question assumptions. Always allow people to be mod without the fear of failure.AIDSAIDS is one of the most pervasive and difficult workplace issues. The community, not only for their life-style, rejects people with AIDS but also because the ailment is incurable. AIDS is an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease caused by a virus that attacks the bodys ability to fight off infection. It now comes to be called HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. If a person is tested positive with the antibodies they are designated HIV+. It is presumable they have been exposed or have acquired the AIDS virus.The increase presence of AIDS in the workplace has crystallized a number of concerns for both employers and employees. However, Title I of the American with Disabilities Act covers those infected. The Act prohibits discriminating against individual with AIDS.States have different purpose laws that apply to those infected.

Graduation Speech: Importance of Change :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Change is a word that I have constantly heard throughout my high school years. It is a duty period through which everyone goes whether its for the better or for the worse. For me the meaning and value of change has helped me to focus on the goals I have to accomplish. For others, it is simply just a phase we go through. All of us here have been able to learn and develop from our changes to be come a better and successful person. Motivation is an important seed of help towards succeeding. We can receive it from our family, friends, and our teachers. The one thing that I have realized most the alternative school is that the teachers and staff will never restrain up on you. In most public schools the teachers tend to bind up easily on a failing student because they dont have the eon and opportunity to get to know you and work with you. It is different here at Rose Alternative High School. The teachers continue to push you to work harder, to never give up. Friends have the biggest impact and influence in our lives. They can lead us to the path of success or path of failure. So everything that our pargonnts have told us about choosing the right friends is absolutely true. As you get older, you realize that everything your parents have said or have taught you starts to make sense. You are more aware about situations and are a lot more careful so that you dont make mistakes like we often did when we were younger. Age is not a factor when it comes to completion. As you can see, legion(predicate) of us are a lot older than others. Most of us took different steps in achieving this goal. Some took a few months while others took a few years. But even though we arrived here with different routes, we will all receive the same prize for finishing, which is a high school diploma. This retell from William Arthur Ward reflects upon me and maybe even others here If you can imagine it, you can create it.

Use of Conventions in Literary Works Such as Shakespeares Hamlet :: Props Hamlet Tragic Tragedy Analysis

Conventions are commonly known as a customary feature of a literary acidify such as the workout of a chorus in Greek tragedy or an explicit moral in a fable. They are institute in stories, plays, essays, poetry, and movies. Conventions are found frequently in Shakespeares Hamlet, Taming of the Shrew, and Othello. They are also detected in D. H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter and The Rocking Horse Winner, and lastly in Henrik Ibsens A Doll House. These literary devices all grasp the same conventional concept. The use of a prop in a literary work is a perfect example of a conventioneach prop is used to show a significant idea in its respective literary work. William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet. He was recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. In Hamlet, Shakespeare provides the first prop as letters. Ophelia proclaims, My lord, I have remembrances of yours, That I have longed long to redeliver I pray you, now receive them (III.I.93-9 5). In this citation, Ophelia gives Hamlet the letters (them) of poetry he has written to her. With this action, she manages to underestimate Hamlet, bring forth a feeling of worthlessness and unimportance. Another significant prop in Hamlet is the fencing sword. Fencing was a common, competitive and inexpert sport practiced in the Middle Ages. The sword was usually tipped with foil to prevent injury. In act V, Hamlet and Leartes engage in a game of fencing. Leartes deceives Hamlet and unbates his sword. The unbated sword is soaked in poison and the opponents bleed on both sides (V.II.271-273). This occurrence signifies the revenge each son is instilled with. Hamlet is deceive by his long-lived acquaintance. Deception and revenge brought him to his final resting place Also in act V, Hamlet and Horatio watch two clowns while they dig a grave. While the clowns dig, they come across a skull. Hamlet pronounces, This might be the pate of a politician, which this ass now oer reaches on e that would parry God, might it not? (V.I.66-67). This skull resembled Hamlets jester who has passed away over 20 years ago. The skull represented the dead smell in Denmark. This is a turning point in the drama. Everything around Hamlet was falling first his father, the incest of marriage, and his fair Ophelia. The props so far have lead up to the dramatic closedown of the play.

The Salem Scare Essay -- Literary Analysis, Arthur Miller

On the day of the hangings at Gallows Hill, some watched as friends and family were penalize for crimes they had not committed. Arthur Miller wrote about that which preceded this morbid event in The Crucible. The story, which catalogs the witchcraft trials of Salem, was not an unprovoked piece of literature. At the time Miller wrote the play, America was awful close to war with Russia, and many believed that communists were infiltrating the government. Joseph McCarthy was a man who oftentimes would accuse people of being Reds. Arthur Miller was one of the victims of McCarthys verbal attacks. Although Arthur was in no guidance a communist, denying the accusation made others think he was guilty. This Catch-22 scenario reminded Arthur of the Salem Witchcraft trials of the late 1600s. Although the two events were hundreds of years apart, the Red Sc are and the Salem Witchcraft Trials were very(prenominal) much alike. Frenzy was the main component of each happening, and this fr enzy resulted in the unjust prosecution of many individuals. The definition, theme, and how the theme relates to my daily life are essential to understanding The Crucible.The definition of crucible is a test. Throughout the play, many of Salems inhabitants are tested in various ways. Of all the characters within The Crucible, there are three who had to make major decisions that would not only affect themselves but also affect the accused.John Proctor, a man who had quite a nigh reputation in Salem, underwent a test of moral integrity. Throughout the story, he is plagued with the guilt of having had an affair with Abigail, and in order to save his wife, must confess this hell to the court. Before his wife, Elizabeth, is taken to jail, she tells John this... ... By reading about how people within the play responded to their tests, one rear reflect upon how they respond to their own tests in day to day life. The theme of how fear and suspicion feed upon themselves and result in the destruction of public order and good sense can steer one the serious repercussions that come with not considering all scenarios and letting fear take control. How the theme applies to my daily life provides one with a real homo example of how fear can break down reason and create unnecessary turmoil. Fear is a recurring emotion within Salem, and one that many in the village did not keep under control. This fear became a monster that consumed the town and unjustly killed many. In modern society, controlling our fear can save innocent lives and reputations and prevent occurrences such as the Salem Witchcraft Trials from ever happening again.